Name: Helicobacter Goodwin et al. 1989

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: He.li.co.bac’ter. Gr. fem. n. helix, twisted, curved, spiral; N.L. masc. n. bacter, a rod, a staff; N.L. masc. n. Helicobacter, a spiral rod

Gender, pronunciation (Latin): masculine (stem: Helicobacter-), he-li-ko-BAK-ter

Type species: Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Goodwin CS, Armstrong JA, Chilvers T, Peters M, Collins MD, Sly L, McConnell W, Harper WES. Transfer of Campylobacter pylori and Campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen. nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov. and Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1989; 39:397-405. 🇬🇧

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 2

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    "Pseudohelicobacter" Waite et al. 2019	heterotypic synonym, not validly published

• Emendations:
  • Vandamme et al. 1991 Vandamme P, Falsen E, Rossau R, Hoste B, Segers P, Tytgat R, De Ley J. Revision of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and Wolinella taxonomy: emendation of generic descriptions and proposal of Arcobacter gen. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:88-103. 🇧🇪 Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 41, part 1 of the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:457-458.
    Notes:
    • ⊕ Emendation accompanied by the proposal of 2 new species in the genus.

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Helicobacteraceae Garrity et al. 2006. Publication: Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Family II. Helicobacteraceae fam. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part C (The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 1168. 🇺🇸
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned this genus to the class Epsilobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus Campylobacter Sebald and Véron 1963 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Marshall BJ, Royce H, Annear DI, Goodwin CS, Pearman JW, Warren JR, Armstrong JA. Original isolation of Campylobacter pyloridis from human gastric mucosa. Microbios. Lett. 1984; 25:83-88.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Halicobacter"; "Hdicobacter"; "Heficobucter"; "Hekobacter"; "Helfcobacter"; "Helicobucter"; "Helicohacter"; "Heliobacte"; "Heliobacter"; "Heliocobacter"; "Hellcobacter"; "Helocobacter"; "Helycobacter". — 🤨 This taxon name is occasionally used in plural form as: "Helicobacteria".
  • 🖹 Minimal standards for the description of new taxa in this group were published in 2000. Publication: Dewhirst FE, Fox JG, On SL. Recommended minimal standards for describing new species of the genus Helicobacter. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:2231-2237. 🇺🇸
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: On SL. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meeting, 2 September 1998, Budapest, Hungary. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:1399-1400.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: On SLW. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 2 and 4 September 2001, Freiburg, Germany. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2002; 52:2339-2341. 🇳🇿
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: On SL. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 13 and 16 September 1999, Baltimore, USA. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:1401-1403.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: On SLW. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meeting, 31 July 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2004; 54:291-292. 🇳🇿
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: On SLW. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, 7 and 10 September 2003, Aarhus, Denmark. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2009; 59:195-196. 🇳🇿
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: On SLW, Miller WG. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Campylobacter and Related Bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, August 27 and August 31 2011, Vancouver, Canada. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:5312-5314. 🇳🇿
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: On SLW, Miller WG. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Campylobacter and Related Bacteria. Minutes of the meetings, September 15th and 18th 2013, Aberdeen, Scotland. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:5315-5316. 🇳🇿
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Miller WG, On SLW. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria: Minutes of the closed Meeting, 2 September 2009, Niigata, Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:2559-2560. 🇺🇸
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: On SLW. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Campylobacter and related bacteria: minutes of the closed meetings, 17 January and 31 January 2024. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2025; 75:6618. 🇳🇿
  • 💁 Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of Joosten et al. (2016), Baele et al. (2008), Shen et al. (2020), Aydin et al. (2024), Gruntar et al. (2022). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: CCUG: 42; LMG: 34; DSM: 33; ATCC: 32; CIP: 22; NCTC: 16; JCM: 5; CECT: 3; CRBIP: 1; CCCT: 1.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2". — The risk group for France has been imported on 2024-08-30. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — The risk group for United Kingdom has been imported on 2024-01-31. The full classification is: risk group = 2. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🧍 Pittman et al. (1991) suggested the abbreviation "HEBT" for this genus name but this does not appear to be of practical relevance any longer. Publication: Pittman KF, Walczak CA, Lock CM. Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:571-579.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 57
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 58
Total number of child taxa: 84

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Helicobacter acinonix Eaton et al. 1993	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Helicobacter acinonychis corrig. Eaton et al. 1993	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter acinonyx Eaton et al. 1993	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Helicobacter ailurogastricus Joosten et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter anatolicus Aydin et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter anseris Fox et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter apodemus" Jeon et al. 2015	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter apri Zanoni et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter aurati Patterson et al. 2002	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Helicobacter avicola" Gilroy et al. 2021	not validly published	pro-correct name
    "Candidatus Helicobacter avistercoris" Gilroy et al. 2021	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Helicobacter baculiformis Baele et al. 2008	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter bilis Fox et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter bizzozeronii Hänninen et al. 1996	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Helicobacter bovis" De Groote et al. 1999	not validly published	pro-correct name
    Helicobacter brantae Fox et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter burdigaliensis" Berthenet et al. 2019	not validly published	preferred name
    "Helicobacter callitrichis" Won et al. 2007	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter canadensis Fox et al. 2002	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter canicola Kawamura et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter canis Stanley et al. 1994	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter cappadocius Aydin et al. 2025	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter cetorum Harper et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter cholecystus Franklin et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter cinaedi (Totten et al. 1988) Vandamme et al. 1991	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter colifelis" Foley et al. 1998	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter colisuis Gruntar et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter cynogastricus Van den Bulck et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter delphinicola Segawa et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter didelphidarum Shen et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter enhydrae Shen et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter equorum Moyaert et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter felis Paster et al. 1991	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter felistomachi" Rimbara et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter fennelliae (Totten et al. 1988) Vandamme et al. 1991	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter ganmani Robertson et al. 2001	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter gastrocanis Rimbara et al. 2025	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter gastrofelis" Rimbara et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    "Helicobacter heilmanii" Debongnie et al. 1995	not validly published	synonym
    "Candidatus Helicobacter heilmannii" O'Rourke et al. 2004	not validly published	synonym
    Helicobacter heilmannii Smet et al. 2012	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter hepaticus" Ward et al. 1994	not validly published	synonym
    Helicobacter hepaticus Fox et al. 1994	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter higonensis Tomida et al. 2026	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter himalayensis Hu et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Helicobacter homininae" Flahou et al. 2014	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter ibis Lopez-Cantillo et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter jaachi Shen et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter japonicum Shen et al. 2017	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Helicobacter japonicus corrig. Shen et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter kayseriensis Aydin et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter kumamotonensis Kawamura et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter labacensis Gruntar et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter labetoulli" Berthenet et al. 2019	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter macacae Fox et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter magdeburgensis" Traverso et al. 2010	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter marmotae Fox et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter mastomyrinus Shen et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter mehlei Gruntar et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter mesocricetorum Simmons et al. 2000	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter monodelphidis Shen et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter muricola" Won et al. 2002	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter muridarum Lee et al. 1992	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter mustelae (Fox et al. 1988) Goodwin et al. 1989	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter nemestrinae Bronsdon et al. 1991	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Helicobacter pametensis Dewhirst et al. 1994	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter pullorum Stanley et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter pylori (Marshall et al. 1985) Goodwin et al. 1989	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter rappini" (Bryner 1987) Taylor et al. 1995	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter rodentium Shen et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter saguini Shen et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter salomonis Jalava et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Helicobacter suis" De Groote et al. 1999	not validly published	synonym
    Helicobacter suis Baele et al. 2008	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter suncus" Goto et al. 1998	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter trogontum Mendes et al. 1996	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter turcicus Aydin et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter typhlonicus" Franklin et al. 1999	not validly published	preferred name
    Helicobacter typhlonius Franklin et al. 2002	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter valdiviensis Collado et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Helicobacter vulpis Gruntar et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Helicobacter westmeadii" Trivett-Moore et al. 1997	not validly published	preferred name
    "Helicobacter winghamensis" Melito et al. 2001	not validly published	preferred name
    "Helicobacter zhangjianzhongii" Wang et al. 2023	not validly published	preferred name

Parent taxon: Helicobacteraceae Garrity et al. 2006

Assigned by: Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Family II. Helicobacteraceae fam. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part C (The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 1168. 🇺🇸

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Record number: 515784