Genus Acholeplasma
Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (→) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).
Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 18
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 0
Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").
For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).
Acholeplasma Edward and Freundt 1970, genus. (Type genus of the order ¤ Acholeplasmatales Freundt et al. 1984; type genus of the family ¤ Acholeplasmataceae Edward and Freundt 1970 [Approved Lists 1980]).
Type species: ¤ Acholeplasma laidlawii (Freundt 1955) Edward and Freundt 1970 (Approved Lists 1980).
Synonym: "Sapromyces" Sabin 1941.
Etymology: Gr. pref. a-, not, without; Gr. n. cholê, bile; Gr. neut. n. plasma, anything formed or moulded, image, figure; N.L. neut. n. Acholeplasma, intended to mean that cholesterol, a constituent of bile, is not required.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: EDWARD (D.G.) ff and FREUNDT (E.A.): Amended nomenclature for a classification of strains related to Mycoplasma laidlawii. Journal of General Microbiology, 1970, 62, 1-2.
Acholeplasma axanthum Tully and Razin 1970, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 25176.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF412968.
Etymology: Gr. pref. a-, not, without; Gr. adj. xanthos -ê -on, yellow; N.L. neut. adj. axanthum, without yellow (pigment).
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: TULLY (J.G.) and RAZIN (S.): Acholeplasma axanthum, sp.n.: A new sterol-nonrequiring member of the Mycoplasmatales. Journal of Bacteriology, 1970, 103, 751-754.
Acholeplasma brassicae Tully et al. 1994, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 0502 = ATCC 49388.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY538163.
Etymology: L. n. brassica, a cabbage; L. gen. n. brassicae, of cabbage, referring to the plant origin of the organism.
Valid publication: TULLY (J.G.), WHITCOMB (R.F.), ROSE (D.L.), BOVÉ (J.M.), CARLE (P.), SOMERSON (N.L.), WILLIAMSON (D.L.) and EDEN-GREEN (S.): Acholeplasma brassicae sp. nov. and Acholeplasma palmae sp. nov., two non-sterol-requiring mollicutes from plant surfaces. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 680-684.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Acholeplasma cavigenitalium Hill 1992, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) GP3 = ATCC 49901= NCTC 11727.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY538164.
Etymology: N.L. n. cavia, guinea pig (Cavia cobaya); L. pl. n. genitalia -ium, the genitals; N.L. pl. gen. n. cavigenitalium, of guinea pig genitals (isolated from the vagina of guinea pigs).
Valid publication: HILL (A.C.): Acholeplasma cavigenitalium sp. nov., isolated from the vagina of guinea pigs. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 589-592.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Acholeplasma entomophilum Tully et al. 1988, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) TAC = ATCC 43706= NCTC 11713.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF305693.
Etymology: Gr. n. entomon, insect; N.L. neut. adj. philum (from Gr. neut. adj. philon), friend, loving; N.L. neut. adj. entomophilum, insect loving.
Valid publication: TULLY (J.G.), ROSE (D.L.), CARLE (P.), BOVÉ (J.M.), HACKETT (K.J.) and WHITCOMB (R.F.): Acholeplasma entomophilum sp. nov. from gut contents of a wide range of host insects. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1988, 38, 164-167.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Mesoplasma entomophilum (Tully et al. 1988) Tully et al. 1993, comb. nov.
Acholeplasma equifetale Kirchoff 1974, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 29724= NCTC 10171.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY538165.
Etymology: L. n. equus, horse; N.L. adj. fetalis -is -e, pertaining to the fetus; N.L. neut. adj. equifetale, pertaining to the horse fetus.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: KIRCHOFF (H.): Neue Spezies der Fam. Acholeplasmataceae und der Fam. Mykoplasmataceae bei Pferden. Zentralblatt für Veterinarmedizin Reihe B, 1974, 21, 207-210.
Acholeplasma florum McCoy et al. 1984, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) L1 = ATCC 33453= NCTC 11704.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF300327.
Etymology: L. n. flos -oris, a flower; L. gen. pl. n. florum, of flowers, indicating the recovery site of the organism.
Valid publication: McCOY (R.E.), BASHAM (H.G.), TULLY (J.G.), ROSE (D.L.), CARLE (P.) and BOVÉ (J.M.): Acholeplasma florum, a new species isolated from plants. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1984, 34, 11-15.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Mesoplasma florum (McCoy et al. 1984) Tully et al. 1993, comb. nov.
Acholeplasma granularum (Switzer 1964) Edward and Freundt 1970, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 19168= NBRC 14847 = NCTC 10128.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY538166.
Synonyms: "Mycoplasma granularum" Switzer 1964, "Sapromyces granularum" (Switzer 1964) Edward and Freundt 1969.
Etymology: N.L. fem. n. granula (from L. neut. n. granulum), a small grain, a granule; N.L. gen. pl. n. granularum, of small grains, made up of granules, granular.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 SWITZER (W.P.): Mycoplasmosis. In: DUNNE (ed.): Diseases of Swine, 2nd ed., Iowa State University Press, Ames, 1964, pp. 498-507. 2 EDWARD (D.G.) ff and FREUNDT (E.A.): Amended nomenclature for a classification of strains related to Mycoplasma laidlawii. Journal of General Microbiology, 1970, 62, 1-2.
Acholeplasma hippikon Kirchoff 1974, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 29725= NCTC 10172.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY538167.
Etymology: Gr. adj. hippikos -ê -on, of a horse or horses; Gr. neut. adj. hippikon, pertaining to the horse.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: KIRCHOFF (H.): Neue Spezies der Fam. Acholeplasmataceae und der Fam. Mykoplasmataceae bei Pferden. Zentralblatt für Veterinarmedizin Reihe B, 1974, 21, 207-210.
Acholeplasma laidlawii (Sabin 1941) Edward and Freundt 1970, species. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 23206= CIP 75.27 = IFO (now NBRC) 14400 = NCTC 10116.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: U14905.
Synonyms: "Types A and B" Laidlaw and Elford 1936, "Sapromyces laidlawi AB" (sic) Sabin 1941, "Mycoplasma laidlawii" (Sabin 1941) Freundt 1955, "Asterococcus laidlawii" (Sabin 1941) Prévot 1961.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. laidlawii, of Laidlaw, named after P. Laidlaw, one of the microbiologists who first isolated this species.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: 1 SABIN (A.B.): The filtrable microorganisms of the pleuropneumonia group (appendix on classification and nomenclature). Bacteriological Reviews, 1941, 5, 331-335. 2 EDWARD (D.G.) ff and FREUNDT (E.A.): Amended nomenclature for a classification of strains related to Mycoplasma laidlawii. Journal of General Microbiology, 1970, 62, 1-2.
Note: On the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names, and on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names (Amended Edition), this taxon is incorrectly cited as Acholeplasma laidlawii (Freundt 1955 [sic]) Edward and Freundt 1970.
Reference: TULLY (J.G.): Genus I. Acholeplasma Edward and Freundt 1970, 1AL. In: N.R. KRIEG and J.G. HOLT (editors), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, first edition, vol. 1, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1984, pp. 775-781.
Acholeplasma modicum Leach 1973, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 29102= NCTC 10134.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: M23933.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. modicum, having or keeping a proper measure, moderate; referring to moderate growth.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: LEACH (R.H.): Further studies on classification of bovine strains of Mycoplasmatales, with proposals for new species, Acholeplasma modicum and Mycoplasma alkalescens. Journal of General Microbiology, 1973, 75, 135-153.
Acholeplasma morum Rose et al. 1980, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 72-043 = ATCC 33211= NCTC 10188.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY538168.
Etymology: L. n. morum (nominative in apposition), a mulberry, denoting the mulberry-like appearance of agar colonies of the organism.
Valid publication: ROSE (D.L.), TULLY (J.G.) and DEL GIUDICE (R.A.): Acholeplasma morum, a new non-sterol-requiring species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 647-654.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Acholeplasma multilocale Hill et al. 1992, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) PN525 = ATCC 49900= NCTC 11723.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY538169.
Etymology: L. adj. multus, many, numerous; L. adj. localis -is -e, of or belonging to a place, local; N.L. neut. adj. multilocale, referring to more than one location.
Valid publication: HILL (A.C.), POLAK-VOGELZANG (A.A.) and ANGULO (A.F.): Acholeplasma multilocale sp. nov., isolated from a horse and a rabbit. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1992, 42, 513-517.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: The members of the Sucommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes recommended further clarification of the taxonomic status of Acholeplasma multilocale Hill et al. 1992 since this taxon appears to have properties inconsistent with its genus assignment.
Reference: ICSB, SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE TAXONOMY OF MOLLICUTES: Minutes of the interim meeting, 12 and 18 July 1996, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 911-914.
Original article in IJSEB Online
Acholeplasma oculi Al-Aubaidi et al. 1973, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 27350= NCTC 10150.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: U14904.
Synonym: "Acholeplasma oculusi" (sic) Al-Aubaidi et al. 1973.
Etymology: L. n. oculus, the eye; L. gen. n. oculi, of the eye.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: AL-AUBAIDI (J.M.), DARDIRI (A.H.), MUSCOPLATT (C.C.) and McCAULEY (E.H.): Identification and characterization of Acholeplasma oculusi spec. nov. from the eyes of goats with kerato-conjunctivitis. Cornell Veterinarian, 1973, 63, 117-129.
Acholeplasma palmae Tully et al. 1994, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) J233 = ATCC 49389.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: L33734.
Etymology: L. n. palma, palm-tree, a palm; L. gen. n. palmae, of a palm-tree, referring to the plant from which the organism was isolated.
Valid publication: TULLY (J.G.), WHITCOMB (R.F.), ROSE (D.L.), BOVÉ (J.M.), CARLE (P.), SOMERSON (N.L.), WILLIAMSON (D.L.) and EDEN-GREEN (S.): Acholeplasma brassicae sp. nov. and Acholeplasma palmae sp. nov., two non-sterol-requiring mollicutes from plant surfaces. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 680-684.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Acholeplasma parvum Atobe et al. 1983, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) H23M = ATCC 29892= NCTC 10198.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY538170.
Etymology: L. neut. adj. parvum, little, small, referring to the poor biochemical activities and tiny agar colonies of the organism.
Valid publication: ATOBE (H.), WATABE (J.) and OGATA (M.): Acholeplasma parvum, a new species from horses. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1983, 33, 344-349.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Acholeplasma pleciae (Tully et al. 1994) Knight Jr. 2004, comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) PS-1 = ATCC 49582= NBRC 100476.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY257485.
Basonym: ¤ Mesoplasma pleciae Tully et al. 1994.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. pleciae, of Plecia, referring to the genus of corn maggot (Plecia sp.) from which the organism was first isolated.
Valid publication: KNIGHT Jr. (T.F.): Reclassification of Mesoplasma pleciae as Acholeplasma pleciae comb. nov. on the basis of 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence data. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2004, 54, 1951-1952.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Acholeplasma seiffertii Bonnet et al. 1991, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) F7 = ATCC 49495.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AY351331.
Etymology: N.L. masc. gen. n. seiffertii, of Seiffert, in honor of Gustav Seiffert, a German microbiologist who performed pioneer studies on mollicutes that occur in soil and compost and do not require sterols for growth.
Valid publication: BONNET (F.), SAILLARD (C.), VIGNAULT (J.C.), GARNIER (M.), CARLE (P.), BOVÉ (J.M.), ROSE (D.L.), TULLY (J.G.) and WHITCOMB (R.F.): Acholeplasma seiffertii sp. nov., a mollicute from plant surfaces. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1991, 41, 45-49.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Mesoplasma seiffertii (Bonnet et al. 1991) Tully et al. 1993, comb. nov.
Acholeplasma vituli Angulo et al. 2000, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) FC 097-2 = ATCC 700667= CIP 107001.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AF031479.
Etymology: L. n. vitulus, a calf; L. gen. n. vituli, of a calf, referring to the provenance or occurrence of the organism in fetal calf serum.
Valid publication: ANGULO (A.F.), REIJGERS (R.), BRUGMAN (J.), KROESEN (I.), HEKKENS (F.E.N.), CARLE (P.), BOVÉ (J.M.), TULLY (J.G.), HILL (A.C.), SCHOULS (L.M.), SCHOT (C.S.), ROHOLL (P.J.M.) and POLAK-VOGELZANG (A.A.): Acholeplasma vituli sp. nov., from bovine serum and cell cultures. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2000, 50, 1125-1131.
Original article in IJSEM Online