Genus Ruminococcus
Warning: In the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, an arrow (→) only indicates the sequence of valid publication of names and does not mean that the last name in the sequence must be used (see: Introduction).
Number of species, including synonyms, cited in this file: 18
Number of subspecies, including synonyms, cited in this file: 0
Classification (Warning: see also the file "Classification of prokaryotes: Introduction").
For a detailed description of this taxon see Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (BMSAB).
Ruminococcus Sijpesteijn 1948, genus. (Type genus of the family ¤ Ruminococcaceae Rainey 2010).
Type species: ¤ Ruminococcus flavefaciens Sijpesteijn 1948 (Approved Lists 1980).
Etymology: L. n. rumen -inis, the rumen; N.L. masc. n. coccus (from Gr. masc. n. kokkos, grain, seed), coccus; N.L. masc. n. Ruminococcus, coccus of the rumen.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: SIJPESTEIJN (A.K.): Cellulose-decomposing bacteria from the rumen of cattle. Thesis, University of Leiden, The Netherlands, 1948, p. 152.
Ruminococcus albus Hungate 1957, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 7 = ATCC 27210= DSM 20455 = JCM 14654.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: L76598, CP002403 (complete genome).
Etymology: L. masc. adj. albus, white.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: HUNGATE (R.E.): Microorganisms in the rumen of cattle fed a constant ration. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1957, 3, 289-311.
Ruminococcus bromii Moore et al. 1972, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 27255.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: L76600.
Etymology: L n. Bromius, a surname of Bacchus (the god of wine); N.L. gen. n. bromii, of Bromius, of Bacchus.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: MOORE (W.E.C.), CATO (E.P.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Ruminococcus bromii sp. n. and emendation of the description of Ruminococcus Sijpestein. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1972, 22, 78-80.
Ruminococcus callidus Holdeman and Moore 1974, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 27760= VPI 57-31.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: L76596.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. callidus, clever, expert
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: HOLDEMAN (L.V.) and MOORE (W.E.C.): New genus, Coprococcus, twelve new species, and emended descriptions of four previously described species of bacteria from human feces. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1974, 24, 260-277.
Ruminococcus champanellensis Chassard et al. 2012, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) 18P13 = DSM 18848 = JCM 17042.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ515913.
Etymology: N.L. masc. adj. champanellensis, of or belonging to Saint-Genès-Champanelle, where the type strain was first isolated.
Valid publication: CHASSARD (C.), DELMAS (E.), ROBERT (C.), LAWSON (P.A.) and BERNALIER-DONADILLE (A.): Ruminococcus champanellensis sp. nov., a cellulose-degrading bacteria from human gut microbiota. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2012, 62, 138-143.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Ruminococcus faecis Kim et al. 2011, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Eg2 = JCM 15917 = KCTC 5757.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: FJ611794.
Etymology: L. gen. n. faecis, of dregs, of faeces, referring to faecal origin.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 142. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2011, 61, 2563-2565.
Effective publication: KIM (M.S.), ROH (S.W.) and BAE (J.W.): Ruminococcus faecis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. J. Microbiol., 2011, 49, 487-491.
Validation List no. 142 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
Ruminococcus flavefaciens Sijpesteijn 1948, species. (Type species of the genus.)
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 19208.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: L76603.
Etymology: L. adj. flavus, yellow; L. part. adj. faciens, producing: N.L. part. adj. flavefaciens, yellow-producing.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: SIJPESTEIJN (A.K.): Cellulose-decomposing bacteria from the rumen of cattle. Thesis, University of Leiden, The Netherlands, 1948, p. 152.
Ruminococcus gauvreauii Domingo et al. 2008, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) CCRI-16110 = CCUG 54292 = CIP 109512 = JCM 14987 = NML 060141 = DSM 19829.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: EF529620.
Sequence accession no. (whole genome shotgun sequencing project) for the type strain: AUDP01000000.
Etymology: N.L. masc. gen. n. gauvreauii, of Gauvreau, named after Léo Gauvreau (MD, FRCPC), a microbiologist Emeritus Professor, former Director of the Department of Microbiology of Université Laval in Quebec City (Québec, Canada).
Valid publication: DOMINGO (M.C.), HULETSKY (A.), BOISSINOT (M.), BERNARD (K.A.), PICARD (F.J.) and BERGERON (M.G.): Ruminococcus gauvreauii sp. nov., a glycopeptide-resistant species isolated from a human faecal specimen. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1393-1397.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Ruminococcus gnavus Moore et al. 1976, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 29149.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X94967.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. gnavus, busy, active.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: MOORE (W.E.C.), JOHNSON (J.L.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Emendation of Bacteriodaceae and Butyrivibrio and descriptions of Desulfomonas gen. nov. and ten new species in the genera Desulfomonas, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Clostridium and Ruminococcus. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1976, 26, 238-252.
Ruminococcus hansenii (Holdeman and Moore 1974) Ezaki et al. 1994, comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 27752= CIP 104219 = DSM 20583 = JCM 14655.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AB534168.
Basonym: ¤ Streptococcus hansenii Holdeman and Moore 1974 (Approved Lists 1980).
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. hansenii, of Hansen, named after P. Arne Hansen, a Danish-American bacteriologist.
Valid publication: EZAKI (T.), LI (N.), HASHIMOTO (Y.), MIURA (H.) and YAMAMOTO (H.): 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of anaerobic cocci and proposal of Ruminococcus hansenii comb. nov. and Ruminococcus productus comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 130-136.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Blautia hansenii (Holdeman and Moore 1974) Liu et al. 2008, comb. nov.
Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus Bernalier et al. 1997, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) S5a33 = DSM 10507 = JCM 14656.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AB910751.
Etymology: N.L. n. hydrogenum, hydrogen; Gr. adj. trophikos, nursing, tending or feeding; N.L. masc. adj. hydrogenotrophicus, feeding on hydrogen, referring to the ability of the micro-organism to grow with H2/CO2 as energy source.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 61. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 601-602.
Effective publication: BERNALIER (A.), WILLEMS (A.), LECLERC (M.), ROCHET (V.) and COLLINS (M.D.): Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus sp. nov., a new H2/CO2-utilizing acetogenic bacterium isolated from human feces. Arch. Microbiol., 1996, 166, 176-183.
Validation List no. 61 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
→ ¤ Blautia hydrogenotrophica (Bernalier et al. 1997) Liu et al. 2008, comb. nov.
Ruminococcus lactaris Moore et al. 1976, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 29176.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: L76602.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. lactaris, suckling, milk-drinking.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: MOORE (W.E.C.), JOHNSON (J.L.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Emendation of Bacteriodaceae and Butyrivibrio and descriptions of Desulfomonas gen. nov. and ten new species in the genera Desulfomonas, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Clostridium and Ruminococcus. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1976, 26, 238-252.
Ruminococcus luti Simmering et al. 2002, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) BInIX = CCUG 45635 = DSM 14534.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ133124.
Etymology: L. gen. n. luti, of mud.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 88. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2002, 52, 1915-1916.
Effective publication: SIMMERING (R.), TARAS (D.), SCHWIERTZ (A.), LE BLAY (G.), GRUHL (B.), LAWSON (P.A.), COLLINS (M.D.) and BLAUT (M.): Ruminococcus luti sp. nov., isolated from a human faecal sample. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2002, 25, 189-193.
Validation List no. 88 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
→ ¤ Blautia luti (Simmering et al. 2002) Liu et al. 2008, comb. nov.
Ruminococcus obeum Moore et al. 1976, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 29174= DSM 25238.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X85101.
Etymology: Gr. n. obeum, egg.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: MOORE (W.E.C.), JOHNSON (J.L.) and HOLDEMAN (L.V.): Emendation of Bacteriodaceae and Butyrivibrio and descriptions of Desulfomonas gen. nov. and ten new species in the genera Desulfomonas, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Clostridium and Ruminococcus. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1976, 26, 238-252.
Note: Ruminococcus obeum Moore et al. 1976 (Approved Lists 1980) is clearly a member of the genus ¤ Blautia, as currently defined. The rules of the Bacteriological Code require that the type strains of all new species and subspecies (including new combinations) be deposited in two different collections in two different countries.
In 2008, the type strain of Ruminococcus obeum was only deposited in the ATCC and a second independent deposit, as required by the Code, has not been possible. Consequently, the transfer of this species to the genus ¤ Blautia cannot be made by Liu et al. 2008, because the resulting species name would not conform to the Rules of the Code governing the valid publication of species names and deposit of type material (Rules 27 and 30) and consequently would not be considered to be validly published.
Reference: LIU (C.), FINEGOLD (S.M.), SONG (Y.) and LAWSON (P.A.): Reclassification of Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus hansenii, Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus, Ruminococcus luti, Ruminococcus productus and Ruminococcus schinkii as Blautia coccoides gen. nov., comb. nov., Blautia hansenii comb. nov., Blautia hydrogenotrophica comb. nov., Blautia luti comb. nov., Blautia producta comb. nov., Blautia schinkii comb. nov. and description of Blautia wexlerae sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2008, 58, 1896-1902.
Original article in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Blautia obeum (Moore et al. 1976) Lawson and Finegold 2015, comb. nov.
Ruminococcus palustris Zhilina et al. 1997, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) Z-7189 = CIP 105359 = DSM 9172.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: AJ296179.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. palustris, marshy, swamp-inhabiting.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 60. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 242.
Effective publication: ZHILINA (T.N.), KOTSYURBENKO (O.R.), OSIPOV (G.A.), KOSTRIKINA (N.A.) and ZAVARZIN (G.A.): Ruminococcus palustris sp. nov.—a psychroactive anaerobic organism from a swamp. Mikrobiologiya, 1995, 64, 674-680.
Validation List no. 60 in IJSEM Online
→ ¤ Trichococcus palustris (Zhilina et al. 1997) Liu et al. 2002, comb. nov.
Ruminococcus pasteurii Schink 1985, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) KoTa2 = ATCC 35945= CCUG 37395 = CIP 104580 = DSM 2381.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X87150.
Etymology: N.L. gen. n. pasteurii, of Pasteur, referring to Louis Pasteur, who probably first enriched and observed this bacterium during studies on tartrate fermentation.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 18. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1985, 35, 375-376.
Effective publication: SCHINK (B.): Fermentation of tartrate enantiomers by anaerobic bacteria, and description of two new species of strict anaerobes, Ruminococcus pasteurii and Ilyobacter tartaricus. Arch. Microbiol., 1984, 139, 409-414.
Validation List no. 18 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
→ ¤ Lactosphaera pasteurii (Schink 1985) Janssen et al. 1995, comb. nov.
→ ¤ Trichococcus pasteurii (Schink 1985) Liu et al. 2002, comb. nov.
Ruminococcus productus (Prévot 1941) Ezaki et al. 1994, comb. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 27340= CCUG 9990 = CCUG 10976 = DSM 2950 = JCM 1471.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X94966.
Basonym: ¤ Peptostreptococcus productus (Prévot 1941) Smith 1957 (Approved Lists 1980).
Other synonym: "Streptococcus productus" Prévot 1941.
Etymology: L. masc. adj. productus, lengthened, extended.
Valid publication: EZAKI (T.), LI (N.), HASHIMOTO (Y.), MIURA (H.) and YAMAMOTO (H.): 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of anaerobic cocci and proposal of Ruminococcus hansenii comb. nov. and Ruminococcus productus comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1994, 44, 130-136.
Original article in IJSEM Online
Note: The Latin adjective productus -a -um has several meaning. According to L.D.S. Smith 1957, this epithet means lengthened (i.e. the cells lengthen in culture; see Hauduroy et al. 1953), not produced.
References:
1 SMITH (L.D.S.): Genus V. Peptostreptococcus Kluyver and van Niel, 1936, In: R.S. BREED, E.G.D. MURRAY and N.R. SMITH (editors): Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, pp. 533-541.
2 HAUDUROY (P.), EHRINGER (G.), GUILLOT (G.), MAGROU (J.), PRÉVOT (A.R.), ROSSET and URBAIN (A.): Dictionnaire des Bactéries Pathogènes, 2nd ed., Masson, Paris, 1953, pp. 1-692.
→ ¤ Blautia producta (Prévot 1941) Liu et al. 2008, comb. nov.
Ruminococcus schinkii Rieu-Lesme et al. 1997, sp. nov.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) B = CCUG 53897 = CIP 105464 = DSM 10518 = JCM 14657.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: X94964.
Etymology: N.L. gen. masc. n. schinkii, of Schink, named after Bernard Schink, a German bacteriologist.
Valid publication: Validation List no. 60. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 242.
Effective publication: RIEU-LESME (F.), MORVAN (B.), COLLINS (M.D.), FONTY (G.) and WILLEMS (A.): A new H2/CO2-using acetogenic bacterium from the rumen: description of Ruminococcus schinkii sp. nov. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 1996, 140, 281-286.
Validation List no. 60 in IJSEM Online - Effective publication Online
→ ¤ Blautia schinkii (Rieu-Lesme et al. 1997) Liu et al. 2008, comb. nov.
Ruminococcus torques Holdeman and Moore 1974, species.
Type strain: (see also Global Catalogue of Microorganisms) ATCC 27756.
Sequence accession no. (16S rRNA gene) for the type strain: L76604.
Etymology: L. n. torques, a twisted neck-chain, necklace, collar.
Approved Lists reference: SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420 (Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in IJSEM Online - Approved Lists of Bacterial Names Amended edition).
Original publication: HOLDEMAN (L.V.) and MOORE (W.E.C.): New genus, Coprococcus, twelve new species, and emended descriptions of four previously described species of bacteria from human feces. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1974, 24, 260-277.