Name: Actinobacteria Stackebrandt et al. 1997

Category: Class

Proposed as: class. nov.

Etymology: Ac.ti.no.bac.te’ri.a. Gr. fem. n. aktis (gen. aktînos), a ray, beam; Gr. neut. n. baktêria, staff, cane; N.L. neut. pl. n. suff. -ia, ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n. Actinobacteria, actinomycete group of bacteria of diverse morphological properties

Gender: neuter

Valid publication: Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL. Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1997; 47:479-491.

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 47, part 2 of the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47:917-919.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP, illegitimate name

Taxonomic status: in need of a replacement

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Arabobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, rejected name
    Actinomycetia (Stackebrandt et al. 1997) Salam et al. 2020	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Arthrobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, rejected name
    Streptomycetes Cavalier-Smith 2002	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, rejected name
    Actinomycetes Krassilnikov 1949 (Approved Lists 1980)	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Emendations:
  • Nouioui et al. 2018 Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M. Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2007. Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 29. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:13-32.
    Notes:
    • Emendation accompanied by the inclusion of 16 orders in the class.
    • Emendation accompanied by the inclusion of 1 family in the class.
    • Emendation accompanied by the removal of 1 family from the class.
  • Cavalier-Smith 2020 Cavalier-Smith T, Chao EE. Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria). Protoplasma 2020; 257:621-753.
    Notes:
    • Cavalier-Smith and Chao (2020) orthographically corrected the name of the class to Actinobacteriia. This would be the orthographically correct name if the name of the class was based on the genus name Actinobacterium. But such a genus name was not validly published at that time point. Cavalier-Smith and Chao 2020 gave Stackebrandt et al. 1987 (sic) as authority.

• Notes:
  • Nomenclatural type of the phylum "Actinobacteraeota" Oren et al. 2015. Publication: Oren A, da Costa MS, Garrity GM, Rainey FA, Rossello-Mora R, Schink B, Sutcliffe I, Trujillo ME, Whitman WB. Proposal to include the rank of phylum in the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:4284-4287.
  • Nomenclatural type of the phylum "Actinobacteriota" Whitman et al. 2018. Publication: Whitman WB, Oren A, Chuvochina M, da Costa MS, Garrity GM, Rainey FA, Rossello-Mora R, Schink B, Sutcliffe I, Trujillo ME, et al. Proposal of the suffix -ota to denote phyla. Addendum to 'Proposal to include the rank of phylum in the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes'. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:967-969.
  • Goodfellow et al. (2012) assigned this class to the phylum "Actinobacteria" Goodfellow 2012. Publication: Goodfellow M. Phylum XXVI. Actinobacteria phyl. nov. In: Goodfellow M, Kämpfer P, H.-J. B, Trujillo ME, Suzuki K, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 5, Springer, New York, 2012, p. 33-34.
  • Blackall et al. (2000) assigned the genus "Candidatus Nostocoides" corrig. Blackall et al. 2000 to this class. Publication: Blackall LL, Seviour EM, Bradford D, Rossetti S, Tandoi V, Seviour RJ. 'Candidatus Nostocoida limicola', a filamentous bacterium from activated sludge. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:703-709.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the subclass Acidimicrobidae Stackebrandt et al. 1997 to this class. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the subclass Actinobacteridae Stackebrandt et al. 1997 to this class. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the subclass Rubrobacteridae Rainey et al. 1997 to this class. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the subclass Sphaerobacteridae Stackebrandt et al. 1997 to this class. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Boone et al. (2001) assigned the subclass Coriobacteridae Stackebrandt et al. 1997 to this class. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • Ghai et al. (2013) assigned the subclass "Candidatus Actinomarinidae" Ghai et al. 2013 to this class. Publication: Ghai R, Mizuno CM, Picazo A, Camacho A, Rodriguez-Valera F. Metagenomics uncovers a new group of low GC and ultra-small marine Actinobacteria. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2471.
  • Goodfellow et al. (2012) assigned the order Actinopolysporales Goodfellow and Trujillo 2015 to this class. Publication: Goodfellow M. Phylum XXVI. Actinobacteria phyl. nov. In: Goodfellow M, Kämpfer P, H.-J. B, Trujillo ME, Suzuki K, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 5, Springer, New York, 2012, p. 33-34.
  • Kurahashi et al. (2010) assigned the subclass Nitriliruptoridae Kurahashi et al. 2010 to this class. Publication: Kurahashi M, Fukunaga Y, Sakiyama Y, Harayama S, Yokota A. Euzebya tangerina gen. nov., sp. nov., a deeply branching marine actinobacterium isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria edulis, and proposal of Euzebyaceae fam. nov., Euzebyales ord. nov. and Nitriliruptoridae subclassis nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 60:2314-2319.
  • Nouioui et al. (2018) assigned the family Jatrophihabitantaceae Nouioui et al. 2018 to this class. Publication: Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M. Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2007.
  • Nouioui et al. (2018) assigned the order Corynebacteriales Goodfellow and Jones 2015 to this class. Publication: Nouioui I, Carro L, Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Goker M. Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2007.
  • Schumann et al. (2017) assigned the genus Psychromicrobium Schumann et al. 2017 to this class. Publication: Schumann P, Zhang DC, Franca L, Albuquerque L, da Costa MS, Margesin R. Psychromicrobium silvestre gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from alpine forest soils. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:640-645.
  • Stackebrandt et al. (1997) assigned the family Streptomycetaceae Waksman and Henrici 1943 (Approved Lists 1980) to this class. Publication: Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL. Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1997; 47:479-491.
  • Stackebrandt et al. (1997) assigned the family Intrasporangiaceae Rainey et al. 1997 to this class. Publication: Stackebrandt E, Rainey FA, Ward-Rainey NL. Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1997; 47:479-491.
  • Volpiano et al. (2021) assigned the family Carbonactinosporaceae Volpiano et al. 2021 to this class. Publication: Volpiano CG, Sant'Anna FH, da Mota FF, Sangal V, Sutcliffe I, Munusamy M, Saravanan VS, See-Too WS, Passaglia LMP, Rosado AS. Proposal of Carbonactinosporaceae fam. nov. within the class Actinomycetia. Reclassification of Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus as Carbonactinospora thermoautotrophica gen. nov., comb. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 2021; 44:126223.
  • This taxon name is occasionally misprinted in some sources as: "Acfinobacteria"; "Acinobacteria"; "Acitinobacteria"; "Aclinobacteria"; "Acnitobacteria"; "Acnnobacteria"; "Acrimbacteria"; "Actenobacteria"; "Actiizobacteria"; "Actinbacteria"; "Actinibacteria"; "Actinobacteiia"; "Actinobactrria"; "Actinobacttria"; "Actinohacteria"; "Actinombacteria"; "Actionbacteria"; "Actionobacteria"; "Actnobacteria"; "Adinobacteria"; "Antinobacteria".
  • The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 4660; JCM: 3688; NBRC: 2435; ATCC: 2125; NRRL: 2051; IFO: 1655; KCTC: 1166; VKM: 1114; CGMCC: 968; CCUG: 901.
  • No type order designated. Publication: Parker CT, Tindall BJ, Garrity GM. International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:S1-S111.
  • According to Rules 15, 22 and 27(3), the class Actinobacteria is illegitimate because it was proposed without the designation of a nomenclatural type. Publication: Euzeby JP, Tindall BJ. Nomenclatural type of orders: corrections necessary according to Rules 15 and 21a of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), and designation of appropriate nomenclatural types of classes and subclasses. Request for an opinion. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:725-727.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 19
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 20
Total number of child taxa: 20

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Acidothermales Sen et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Actinomycetales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Bifidobacteriales Stackebrandt et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Catenulisporales Donadio et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Cryptosporangiales Nouioui et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Frankiales Sen et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Geodermatophilales Sen et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Glycomycetales Labeda 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Jatrophihabitantales Salam et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Jiangellales Tang et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Kineosporiales Kämpfer 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Micrococcales Prévot 1940 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Micromonosporales Genilloud 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Mycobacteriales Janke 1924 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Nakamurellales Sen et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Propionibacteriales (Rainey et al. 1997) Patrick and McDowell 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Pseudonocardiales Labeda and Goodfellow 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Sporichthyales Nouioui et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Streptomycetales Cavalier-Smith 2002	validly published under the ICNP, rejected name	in need of a replacement
    Streptosporangiales Goodfellow 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Actinomycetota Goodfellow 2021

Assigned by: Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:5056.

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Record number: 2