Name: Cytophagaceae Stanier 1940 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Family

Proposed as: fam. nov.

Etymology: N.L. fem. n. Cytophaga, type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. n. suff. -aceae, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Cytophagaceae, the Cytophaga family

Gender: feminine

Type genus: Cytophaga Winogradsky 1929 (Approved Lists 1980)

Effective publication: Stanier RY. Studies on the Cytophagas. J Bacteriol 1940; 40:619-635.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

• Emendations:
  • García-López et al. 2019 Garcia-Lopez M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Tindall BJ, Gronow S, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Hahnke RL, Goker M. Analysis of 1,000 Type-Strain Genomes Improves Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2083. Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 32. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4061-4090.
    Notes:
    • Emendation accompanied by the inclusion of 2 genera in the family. — Emendation accompanied by the removal of 27 genera from the family.

• Notes:
  • Breed et al. (1948) assigned this family to the order "Myxobacteriales". Publication: Burkholder WH. Genus I. Pseudomonas Migula. Bacterial plant pathogens. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Hitchens AP (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1948, p. 82-150.
  • Breed et al. (1957) assigned this family to the order "Myxobacterales". Publication: Parker CD. Genus V. Thiobacillus Beijerinck 1904. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 83-88.
  • Anandham et al. (2011) assigned the genus Larkinella Vancanneyt et al. 2006 to this family. Publication: Anandham R, Kwon SW, Weon HY, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Gandhi PI, Kim YK, Jee HJ. Larkinella bovis sp. nov., isolated from fermented bovine products, and emended descriptions of the genus Larkinella and of Larkinella insperata Vancanneyt et al. 2006. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:30-34.
  • Chaudhary et al. (2017) assigned the genus Ravibacter Chaudhary et al. 2017 to this family. Publication: Chaudhary DK, Dahal RH, Altankhuu K, Kim J. Ravibacter arvi gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from farmland soil during development of new culture techniques. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:5252-5260.
  • Chen et al. (2013) assigned the genus Arcicella Nikitin et al. 2004 to this family. Publication: Chen WM, Yang SH, Young CC, Sheu SY. Arcicella rigui sp. nov., isolated from water of a wetland, and emended descriptions of the genus Arcicella, Arcicella aquatica, Arcicella rosea and Arcicella aurantiaca. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:134-140.
  • Choi et al. (2013) assigned the genus Siphonobacter Táncsics et al. 2010 to this family. Publication: Choi EJ, Beatty DS, Paul LA, Fenical W, Jensen PR. Mooreia alkaloidigena gen. nov., sp. nov. and Catalinimonas alkaloidigena gen. nov., sp. nov., alkaloid-producing marine bacteria in the proposed families Mooreiaceae fam. nov. and Catalimonadaceae fam. nov. in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:1219-1228.
  • Dahal and Kim (2016) assigned the genus Rhabdobacter Dahal and Kim 2016 to this family. Publication: Dahal RH, Kim J. Rhabdobacter roseus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:308-314.
  • Filippini et al. (2011) assigned the genus Fibrella Filippini et al. 2011 to this family. Publication: Filippini M, Svercel M, Laczko E, Kaech A, Ziegler U, Bagheri HC. Fibrella aestuarina gen. nov., sp. nov., a filamentous bacterium of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from a tidal flat, and emended description of the genus Rudanella Weon et al. 2008. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:184-189.
  • Filippini et al. (2011) assigned the genus Fibrisoma Filippini et al. 2011 to this family. Publication: Filippini M, Kaech A, Ziegler U, Bagheri HC. Fibrisoma limi gen. nov., sp. nov., a filamentous bacterium isolated from tidal flats. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:1418-1424.
  • Filippini et al. (2011) assigned the genus Rudanella Weon et al. 2008 to this family. Publication: Filippini M, Svercel M, Laczko E, Kaech A, Ziegler U, Bagheri HC. Fibrella aestuarina gen. nov., sp. nov., a filamentous bacterium of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from a tidal flat, and emended description of the genus Rudanella Weon et al. 2008. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:184-189.
  • Hahnke et al. (2016) assigned the genus Flectobacillus Larkin et al. 1977 (Approved Lists 1980) to this family. Publication: Hahnke RL, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Garcia-Lopez M, Mukherjee S, Huntemann M, Ivanova NN, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Klenk HP, Goker M. Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of Bacteroidetes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2003.
  • Huang et al. (2017) assigned the genus Arsenicibacter Huang et al. 2017 to this family. Publication: Huang K, Xu Y, Zhang J, Chen C, Gao F, Zhao FJ. Arsenicibacter rosenii gen. nov., sp. nov., an efficient arsenic methylating and volatilizing bacterium isolated from an arsenic-contaminated paddy soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:3186-3191.
  • Jiang et al. (2013) assigned the genus Huanghella Jiang et al. 2013 to this family. Publication: Jiang F, Xiao M, Chen L, Kan W, Peng F, Dai J, Chang X, Li W, Fang C. Huanghella arctica gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterium of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from Arctic tundra soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:696-702.
  • Joo et al. (2015) assigned the genus Spirosoma Migula 1894 (Approved Lists 1980) to this family. Publication: Joo ES, Lee JJ, Cha S, Jheong W, Seo T, Lim S, Jeong SW, Srinivasan S. Spirosoma pulveris sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from a dust sample collected at Chungnam province, South Korea. J Microbiol 2015; 53:750-755.
  • Joung et al. (2014) assigned the genus Ekhidna Alain et al. 2010 to this family. Publication: Joung Y, Kim H, Kang H, Lee BI, Ahn TS, Joh K. Lacihabitans soyangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Cytophagaceae, isolated from a freshwater reservoir. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3188-3194.
  • Joung et al. (2014) assigned the genus Lacihabitans Joung et al. 2014 to this family. Publication: Joung Y, Kim H, Kang H, Lee BI, Ahn TS, Joh K. Lacihabitans soyangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Cytophagaceae, isolated from a freshwater reservoir. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:3188-3194.
  • Joung et al. (2015) assigned the genus Emticicia Saha and Chakrabarti 2006 to this family. Publication: Joung Y, Seo MA, Kang H, Kim H, Ahn TS, Cho JC, Joh K. Emticicia aquatica sp. nov., a species of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from fresh water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:4358-4362.
  • Joung et al. (2015) assigned the genus Taeseokella Joung et al. 2015 to this family. Publication: Joung Y, Hong S, Kim H, Kang H, Farrance CE, Joh K. Taeseokella kangwonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater reservoir. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 65:4309-4314.
  • Kaempfer et al. (2012) assigned the genus Pseudarcicella Kämpfer et al. 2012 to this family. Publication: Kampfer P, Busse HJ, Longaric I, Rossello-Mora R, Galatis H, Lodders N. Pseudarcicella hirudinis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the skin of the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:2247-2251.
  • Kang et al. (2013) assigned the genus Nibrella Kang et al. 2013 to this family. Publication: Kang JY, Chun J, Choi A, Cho JC, Jahng KY. Nibrella saemangeumensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Nibrella viscosa sp. nov., novel members of the family Cytophagaceae, isolated from seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:4508-4514.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Adhaeribacter Rickard et al. 2005 to this family. Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Effluviibacter Suresh et al. 2006 to this family. Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Pontibacter Nedashkovskaya et al. 2005 to this family. Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Flexibacter Soriano 1945 (Approved Lists 1980) to this family. Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Hymenobacter Hirsch et al. 1999 to this family. Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Leadbetterella Weon et al. 2005 to this family. Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Meniscus Irgens 1977 (Approved Lists 1980) to this family. Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Microscilla Pringsheim 1951 (Approved Lists 1980) to this family. Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Persicitalea Yoon et al. 2007 to this family. Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • Krieg et al. (2010) assigned the genus Runella Larkin and Williams 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) to this family. Publication: Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Euzéby J, Whitman WB. Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov. In: Krieg NR, Staley JT, Brown DR, Hedlund BP, Paster BJ, Ward NL, Ludwig W, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 4, Springer, New York, 2010, p. 25.
  • Lee et al. (2010) assigned the genus Dyadobacter Chelius and Triplett 2000 to this family. Publication: Lee M, Woo SG, Park J, Yoo SA. Dyadobacter soli sp. nov., a starch-degrading bacterium isolated from farm soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 60:2577-2582.
  • Lee et al. (2016) assigned the genus Telluribacter Lee et al. 2017 to this family. Publication: Lee D, Jang JH, Cha S, Seo T. Telluribacter humicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from soil in South Korea. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2016; 109:1525-1533.
  • Li et al. (2017) assigned the genus Arcticibacterium Li et al. 2017 to this family. Publication: Li DD, Peng M, Wang N, Wang XJ, Zhang XY, Chen XL, Su HN, Zhang YZ, Shi M. Arcticibacterium luteifluviistationis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from Arctic seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:664-669.
  • Liu et al. (2016) assigned the genus Jiulongibacter Liu et al. 2016 to this family. Publication: Liu Y, Du J, Lai Q, Dong C, Xie Y, Shao Z. Jiulongibacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Cytophagaceae, isolated from the surface sediment of the Jiulong River in China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2347-2353.
  • Raichand et al. (2011) assigned the genus "Chuvanna" to this family. Publication: Raichand R, Kaur I, Singh NK, Mayilraj S. Pontibacter rhizosphera sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of an Indian medicinal plant Nerium indicum. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2011; 100:129-135.
  • Reddy (2013) assigned the genus "Parahymenobacter" Reddy 2013 to this family. Publication: Reddy GS. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Hymenobacter and description of Siccationidurans gen. nov., and Parahymenobacter gen. nov. J Phylogen Evolution Biol 2013; 1:122.
  • Reddy (2013) assigned the genus "Siccationidurans" Reddy 2013 to this family. Publication: Reddy GS. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Hymenobacter and description of Siccationidurans gen. nov., and Parahymenobacter gen. nov. J Phylogen Evolution Biol 2013; 1:122.
  • Sheu et al. (2013) assigned the genus Fluviimonas Sheu et al. 2013 to this family. Publication: Sheu SY, Chen YS, Shiau YW, Chen WM. Fluviimonas pallidilutea gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from a freshwater river. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:3861-3867.
  • Yilmaz et al. (2014) assigned the genus Rhodonellum Schmidt et al. 2006 to this family. Publication: Yilmaz P, Parfrey LW, Yarza P, Gerken J, Pruesse E, Quast C, Schweer T, Peplies J, Ludwig W, Glöckner FO. The SILVA and “all-species living tree project (LTP)” taxonomic frameworks. Nucleic Acids Research 2014; 42(D1):D643-D648.
  • The type genus of this family has alternatively been placed in the family "Flexibacteraceae" Garrity and Holt 2001. Publication: Garrity GM, Holt JG. The Road Map to the Manual. In: Boone DR, Castenholz RW, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, second edition, vol. 1 (The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria), Springer-Verlag, New York, 2001, p. 119-166.
  • This taxon name is occasionally misprinted in some sources as: "Cyiophagaceae"; "Cylophagaceae"; "Cymphagaceae"; "Cytopbagaceae"; "Cytophaaceae"; "Cytophaceae"; "Cytophagacaceae".
  • Minimal standards for the description of new taxa in this group were published in 2002. Publication: Bernardet JF, Nakagawa Y, Holmes B. Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:1049-1070.
  • This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Bernardet JF, Bowman JP. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Flavobacterium and Cytophaga-like bacteria: Minutes of the meetings, 7 September 2011, Sapporo, Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:2752-2754.
  • This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Bowman JP, Bernardet JF, Frandsen Lau E. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes: Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Aerobic Bacteroidetes (formerly Flavobacterium and Cytophaga-like bacteria). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:6017-6020.
  • This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Bowman JP. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes: Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Aerobic Bacteroidetes (formerly Flavobacterium and Cytophaga-like bacteria). Minutes of the open meeting, 10 July 2019, Glasgow, UK. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5966.
  • Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of Choi et al. (2019). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 34; JCM: 24; LMG: 23; ATCC: 23; CIP: 18; NBRC: 16; IFO: 15; NCIMB: 13; KCTC: 9; CCUG: 6.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 10
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 11
Total number of child taxa: 14

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Allopseudarcicella Kim et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Aquirufa Pitt et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Arundinibacter Szuróczki et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Chryseosolibacter" Octaviana et al. 2022	not validly published	preferred name (not correct name)
    Chryseotalea Maejima et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Cytophaga Winogradsky 1929 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Dawidia" Octaviana et al. 2022	not validly published	preferred name (not correct name)
    Edaphorhabdus Chhetri et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Litoribacter Tian et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Candidatus Nephrothrix" Møller et al. 2015	not validly published	preferred name (not correct name)
    Rhodocytophaga Anandham et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Sandaracinomonas Chen et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Sporocytophaga Stanier 1940 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Tellurirhabdus Choi et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Cytophagales Leadbetter 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Leadbetter ER. Family I. Cytophagaceae Stanier 1940, 630, emend. mut. char. In: Buchanan RE, Gibbons NE (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974, p. 99-127.

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Record number: 372