Name: Paracoccus Davis 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: Pa.ra.coc’cus. Gr. prep. para, alongside of, resembling; N.L. masc. n. coccus, a grain, berry; from Gr. masc. n. kokkos, grain; N.L. masc. n. Paracoccus, like a coccus

Gender, pronunciation: masculine (stem: Paracocc-), pa-ra-KOK-kus

Type species: Paracoccus denitrificans (Beijerinck and Minkman 1910) Davis 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Davis DH, Doudoroff M, Stanier RY, Mandel M. Proposal to reject the genus Hydrogenomonas: taxonomic implications. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 1969; 19:375-390.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Thiosphaera Robertson and Kuenen 1984	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Emendations:
  • Ludwig et al. 1993 Ludwig W, Mittenhuber G, Friedrich CG. Transfer of Thiosphaera pantotropha to Paracoccus denitrificans. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1993; 43:363-367. 🇩🇪 Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 43, part 2 of the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1993; 43:625.
  • Katayama et al. 1995 Katayama Y, Hiraishi A, Kuraishi H. Paracoccus thiocyanatus sp. nov., a new species of thiocyanate-utilizing facultative chemolithotroph, and transfer of Thiobacillus versutus to the genus Paracoccus as Paracoccus versutus comb. nov. with emendation of the genus. Microbiology (Reading) 1995; 141:1469-1477. 🇯🇵
    Notes:
    • ⊕ Emendation accompanied by the proposal of 2 new species in the genus.
    • 🧍 As of 2020-09-20 this emendation was not yet included in an IJSEM List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion.
  • Liu et al. 2008 Liu ZP, Wang BJ, Liu XY, Dai X, Liu YH, Liu SJ. Paracoccus halophilus sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment of the South China Sea, China, and emended description of genus Paracoccus Davis 1969. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:257-261. 🇨🇳 Euzeby JP. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 58, part 1 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:747-748.
    Notes:
    • ⊕ Emendation accompanied by the proposal of 1 new species in the genus.

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Paracoccaceae Liang et al. 2022. Publication: Goker M. Filling the gaps: missing taxon names at the ranks of class, order and family. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5638. 🇩🇪
  • 🧕 Brenner et al. (2005) assigned this genus to the family Rhodobacteraceae Garrity et al. 2006. Publication: Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Family I. Rhodobacteraceae fam. nov. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, Garrity GM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 2 (The Proteobacteria), part C (The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria), Springer, New York, 2005, p. 161. 🇺🇸
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (1981) assigned this genus to the subkingdom "Eubacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1981. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? Biosystems 1981; 14:461-481.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus Micrococcus Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Beijerinck MW, Minkman DCJ. Bildung und Verbrauch von Stickstoffoxydul durch Bakterien. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung II 1910; 25:30-63.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Pamcoccus"; "Paraccocus"; "Paracoccaus"; "Paracoccm"; "Paracocctls"; "Paracoceus"; "Paracococcus"; "Paracocus"; "Paracoecus"; "Paracooccus"; "Paraeoecus"; "Parococcus"; "Parococrus"; "Parucoccus"; "Pavacoccus"; "Puracoccus"; "Purucoccus".
  • 💁 Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of Lin et al. (2017), Ohara et al. (1990), Gutierrez-Patricio et al. (2021), Doronina et al. (2002), Doronina et al. (2020). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • ✏ The authority of the taxon name (Davis) deliberately differs from the authors of the publication (Davis et al.).
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: KCTC: 39; JCM: 33; DSM: 29; NBRC: 20; LMG: 20; CGMCC: 17; CCTCC: 15; CIP: 14; ATCC: 13; MCCC: 13.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1". — The risk group for Taiwan has been imported on 2024-11-03. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "P650 = v". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🧍 According to Shipunov (2011), this name is a hemihomonym. Publication: Shipunov A. The problem of hemihomonyms and the on-line hemihomonyms database (HHDB). Bionomina 2011; 4:65-72.
  • 🧍 Paracoccus Davis 1969 (Approved Lists 1980) is a later homonym of a genus name with standing in the zoological (animal) nomenclature: Paracoccus Ezzat and McConnell, 1956. Principle 2 of the 2008 Code is not retroactive, so the name does not contravene the Code because of this homonymy. — Crook M. Personal communication, 2021-08-19.
  • 🧍 Pittman et al. (1991) suggested the abbreviation "PRCO" for this genus name but this does not appear to be of practical relevance any longer. Publication: Pittman KF, Walczak CA, Lock CM. Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:571-579.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 93
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 96
Total number of child taxa: 120

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Paracoccus acridae Zhang et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus actinidiae Xu et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus aeridis Rai et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus aerius Xue et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus aerodenitrificans Zhang et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus aestuarii Roh et al. 2009	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus aestuariivivens Park et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus albicereus He et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus albus Zhang et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus alcaliphilus Urakami et al. 1989	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus alimentarius Kim et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus alkanivorans Zhang et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus alkenifer Lipski et al. 1998	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus aminophilus Urakami et al. 1990	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus aminovorans Urakami et al. 1990	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus amoyensis Lyu et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus angustae Sun et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus aquimaris" Kim and Lee 2015	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus aurantiacus Ye et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus aurantius" Hwang et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name
    "Paracoccus beibuensis" Zheng et al. 2011	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus bengalensis Ghosh et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus benzoatiresistens Mu et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus binzhouensis" Wang et al. 2021	not validly published	preferred name
    "Paracoccus bogoriensis" Osanjo et al. 2009	not validly published	preferred name
    "Paracoccus broussonetiae" Deng et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus caeni Lee et al. 2011	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus carotinifaciens Tsubokura et al. 1999	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus cavernae Dominguez-Moñino et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus chinensis Li et al. 2009	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus communis Poroshina et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus contaminans Kämpfer et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus denitrificans (Beijerinck and Minkman 1910) Davis 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus endophyticus Zhang et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus everestensis Cui et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus ferrooxidans" Kumaraswamy et al. 2006	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus fistulariae Kim et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus fontiphilus Sheu et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus gahaiensis" Zhang et al. 2016	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus haematequi Kämpfer et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus haeundaensis Lee et al. 2004	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus halodenitrificans (Robinson and Gibbons 1952) Davis 1969 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Paracoccus halophilus Liu et al. 2008	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus halotolerans Meng et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus hibisci Yan et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus hibiscisoli Lin et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus homiensis Kim et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus huijuniae Sun et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus indicus" Lin et al. 2019	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus isoporae Chen et al. 2011	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus jeotgali" Kim et al. 2019	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus jiaweipingae Xiao et al. 2026	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus kocurii Ohara et al. 1990	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus kondratievae Doronina and Trotsenko 2001	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus koreensis La et al. 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus laeviglucosivorans Nakamura 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus liaowanqingii Li et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus lichenicola Lang et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus limosus Lee and Lee 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus litorisediminis Park et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus luteus Ming et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus lutimaris Jung et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus mangrovi Chen et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus marcusii Harker et al. 1998	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus marinaquae Xue et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus marinus Khan et al. 2008	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus maritimus" Yu et al. 2024	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus methylarcula Doronina et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Paracoccus methylovorus Timsy et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus methylutens Doronina et al. 1998	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus mutanolyticus" Buddana et al. 2016	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus niistensis Dastager et al. 2012	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus nototheniae Kämpfer et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus oceanense" Fu et al. 2011	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus onchidii Xu et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus onubensis Gutierrez-Patricio et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus pacificus Zhang et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus panacisoli Nguyen et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus pantotrophus (Robertson and Kuenen 1984) Rainey et al. 1999	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus pueri" Wang et al. 2018	not validly published	preferred name
    "Paracoccus qomolangmaensis" Liu et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    "Paracoccus ravus" Yoon et al. 2019	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus rhizosphaerae Kämpfer et al. 2012	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus salipaludis Dong et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus saliphilus Wang et al. 2009	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus salsus Gao et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus sanguinis McGinnis et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus schoinia" Takaichi et al. 2006	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus sediminicola Zhang et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus sediminilitoris Wei et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus sediminis Pan et al. 2014	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus seriniphilus Pukall et al. 2003	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus shandongensis" Gong et al. 2021	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus shanxieyensis Dong et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus sigandri corrig. Liu et al. 2025	validly published under the ICNP, inappropriate correction	misspelling
    Paracoccus sigani corrig. Liu et al. 2025	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus siganidrum Liu et al. 2025	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Paracoccus simplex Doronina et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus solventivorans Siller et al. 1996	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus sordidisoli Singh et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus speluncae" Zoubi et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus sphaerophysae Deng et al. 2011	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus spongiarum Kim et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus stylophorae Sheu et al. 2011	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus subflavus Zhang et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus sulfuroxidans Liu et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus suum Heo et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus tegillarcae Lee et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus thiocyanatus Katayama et al. 1996	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus thiophilus" Doronina et al. 2002	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus tibetensis Zhu et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus versutus (Harrison 1983) Katayama et al. 1996	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus wurundjeri" Stewart et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus xiamenensis Lyu et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus yeei corrig. Daneshvar et al. 2003	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus yeeii Daneshvar et al. 2003	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Paracoccus yibinensis Luo et al. 2025	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens Berry et al. 2003	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Paracoccus zhejiangensis" Wu et al. 2013	not validly published	preferred name
    Paracoccus zhouxuedongae Xiao et al. 2026	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Paracoccaceae Liang et al. 2022

Assigned by: Goker M. Filling the gaps: missing taxon names at the ranks of class, order and family. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72:5638. 🇩🇪

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Record number: 516256