Name: Staphylococcus Rosenbach 1884 (Approved Lists 1980)

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: Sta.phy.lo.coc’cus. Gr. fem. n. staphylê, bunch of grapes; N.L. masc. n. coccus, coccus; from Gr. masc. n. kokkos, grain, seed; N.L. masc. n. Staphylococcus, the grape-like coccus

Gender, pronunciation: masculine (stem: Staphylococc-), sta-p^hy-lo-KOK-kus

Type species: Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884 (Approved Lists 1980)

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Rosenbach FJ. Microorganismen bei den Wund-Infections-Krankheiten des Menschen. J.F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden, 1884.

IJSEM list: Skerman VBD, McGowan V, Sneath PHA. Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1980; 30:225-420.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP, conserved name

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 2

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Mammaliicoccus Madhaiyan et al. 2020	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Emendations:
  • Bello et al. 2023 Bello S, Mudassir SH, Rudra B, Gupta RS. Phylogenomic and molecular markers based studies on Staphylococcaceae and Gemella species. Proposals for an emended family Staphylococcaceae and three new families (Abyssicoccaceae fam. nov., Salinicoccaceae fam. nov. and Gemellaceae fam. nov.) harboring four new genera, Lacicoccus gen. nov., Macrococcoides gen. nov., Gemelliphila gen. nov., and Phocicoccus gen. nov. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:937-973. Oren A, Göker M. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 39. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74:6172.
    Notes:
    • ⊖ Emendation accompanied by the removal of 1 species from the genus.

• Notes:
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family "Staphylococcaceae" Akatov et al. 1988. Publication: Akatov AK, Levanova GF, Degteva GK, Badin VA. [Staphylococcal DNA as a basis for classification]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 1988; 0:9-13.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Staphylococcaceae Schleifer and Bell 2010. Publication: Schleifer K-H, Bell JA. Family VIII. Staphylococcaceae fam. nov. In: De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, K.-H. S, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 3 (The Firmicutes), Springer, New York, 2009, p. 392.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the order Staphylococcales Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0.
  • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the tribe Staphylococceae Prévot 1940 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Prévot AR. Manuel de classification et de determination des bacteries anaerobies. 1st ed. Masson, Paris, 1940.
  • 🧕 Bergey et al. (1923) assigned this genus to the tribe Streptococceae Trevisan 1889 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Waksman SA. Genus III. Actinomyces Harz,. In: Bergey DH, Harrison FC, Breed RS, Hammer BW, Huntoon FM (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1923, p. 339-371.
  • 🧕 Breed et al. (1957) assigned this genus to the family Micrococcaceae Pribram 1929 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Parker CD. Genus V. Thiobacillus Beijerinck 1904. In: Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th edition, The Williams & Wilkins Co, Baltimore, 1957, p. 83-88.
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (1981) assigned this genus to the subkingdom "Eubacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1981. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? Biosystems 1981; 14:461-481.
  • 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned this genus to the class Teichobacteria Cavalier-Smith 2002. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76.
  • 🧕 Chuvochina et al. (2023) assigned this genus to the order Staphylococcales Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0.
  • 🧕 Prevot (1940) assigned this genus to the tribe Staphylococceae Prévot 1940 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Prévot AR. Manuel de Classification et de Détermination des Bactéries Anaérobies, 1st ed. Masson, Paris, 1940.
  • 🧕 Pribram (1929) assigned this genus to the family Micrococcaceae Pribram 1929 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Pribram E. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS. J Bacteriol 1929; 18:361-394.
  • 🧕 Winslow et al. (1920) assigned this genus to the tribe Streptococceae Trevisan 1889 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Winslow CE, Broadhurst J, Buchanan RE, Krumwiede C, Rogers LA, Smith GH. The Families and Genera of the Bacteria: Final Report of the Committee of the Society of American Bacteriologists on Characterization and Classification of Bacterial Types. J Bacteriol 1920; 5:191-229.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Hmphylococcus"; "Iaphylococcus"; "Seaphyiocoscus"; "Sfaphylococcus"; "Slanhvlococcus"; "Slaphslococcus"; "Smphylococcus"; "Sraphylococcus"; "Srapltylococcus"; "Stafhylococcus"; "Stafihylococcus"; "Stafilococcus"; "Stahylococcus"; "Stalphylococcus"; "Staphalococcus"; "Staphdococcus"; "Staphglococcus"; "Staphhlococcus"; "Staphilcoccus"; "Staphilococcus"; "Staphilococus"; "Staphiloocus"; "Staphizococcus"; "Staphlococcus"; "Staphlylococcus"; "Staphlyococcus"; "Staphtlococcus"; "Staphvlococcus"; "Staphyclococcus"; "Staphycoloccus"; "Staphyiocacaua"; "Staphykicoccus"; "Staphylacoccus"; "Staphylacoccw"; "Staphylamccus"; "Staphylcoccus"; "Staphylcococcus"; "Staphylcocous"; "Staphylicoccus"; "Staphyllmmcus"; "Staphyllococcus"; "Staphyllococus"; "Staphylncoccus"; "Staphyloacoccus"; "Staphylocaccus"; "Staphylocccus"; "Staphyloccoccus"; "Staphyloccocus"; "Staphyloccous"; "Staphyloccus"; "Staphylocnccus"; "Staphylocoacus"; "Staphylococaus"; "Staphylococccus"; "Staphylococciis"; "Staphylococcirs"; "Staphylococclus"; "Staphylococcous"; "Staphylococctis"; "Staphylococctus"; "Staphylococcua"; "Staphylococeus"; "Staphylocococcus"; "Staphylocococus"; "Staphylococous"; "Staphylococrus"; "Staphylococus"; "Staphylococvus"; "Staphylocoecus"; "Staphylocollus"; "Staphylocoocus"; "Staphylocuccus"; "Staphylocucus"; "Staphyloeoccus"; "Staphylokokkus"; "Staphylooccus"; "Staphyloococcus"; "Staphyloroccus"; "Staphyococcus"; "Staphyolcoccus"; "Staphyolococcus"; "Staphytococcus"; "Staphzzococcus"; "Stapliylococcus"; "Stapltylococcus"; "Staplylococcus"; "Stapnylococcus"; "Stapphylococcus"; "Stapyhlococcus"; "Stapylacaccus"; "Stapylococcus"; "Stciphylococcus"; "Stdphylococcus"; "Sthaphylococcus"; "Sthaplylococcus"; "Stmphylococcus"; "Stnphylococcus"; "Stophylococcus"; "Stophylococrus"; "Stophylocorcus"; "Straphylococcus"; "Stuphylocoocua"; "Styphylococcus"; "Szaphylococcus"; "Xtaphylococcus".
  • 🖹 Minimal standards for the description of new taxa in this group were published in 1999. Publication: Freney J, Kloos WE, Hajek V, Webster JA, Bes M, Brun Y, Vernozy-Rozand C. Recommended minimal standards for description of new staphylococcal species. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of staphylococci and streptococci of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49:489-502.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Whiley RA, Kilian M. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of staphylococci and streptococci. Minutes of the closed meeting, 31 July 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2003; 53:915-917.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Kloos WE, Hardie JM, Whiley RA. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of staphylococci and streptococci. Minutes of the meetings, 17 September 1996, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001; 51:717-718.
  • 💁 Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of De Bel et al. (2014), Kloos et al. (1998), Newstead et al. (2021), Vernozy-Rozand et al. (2000), Kovarovic et al. (2023). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: CCUG: 78; DSM: 74; NCTC: 55; CIP: 48; ATCC: 47; NRRL: 27; CCM: 24; JCM: 24; LMG: 23; NBIMCC: 10.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🧍 Pittman et al. (1991) suggested the abbreviation "SFCO" for this genus name but this does not appear to be of practical relevance any longer. Publication: Pittman KF, Walczak CA, Lock CM. Codes and abbreviations for approved of effectively published names of genera of bacteria published from January 1980 to December 1990. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1991; 41:571-579.
  • 🧍 Conserved name (Judicial Opinion 17). Only conservation of a name with a new cirumscription, establishing a nomenclatural type. Publication: Judicial Commission. Judicial Opinion No. 17. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1958; 8:153-154.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 71
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 77
Total number of child taxa: 94

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    "Staphylococcus afermentans" Shaw et al. 1951	not validly published	preferred name
    Staphylococcus agnetis Taponen et al. 2012	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus albus" Rosenbach 1884	not validly published	preferred name
    Staphylococcus americanisciuri Volokhov et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus argensis Heß and Gallert 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus argenteus Tong et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus arlettae Schleifer et al. 1985	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus asaccharolyticus" Distaso 1912	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach 1884 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus auricularis Kloos and Schleifer 1983	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus borealis Pain et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus brunensis Kovařovic et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus caeli MacFadyen et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus caledonicus Newstead et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus canis Newstead et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus capitis Kloos and Schleifer 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus caprae Devriese et al. 1983	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus carnosus Schleifer and Fischer 1982	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus casei (Place et al. 2003) Madhaiyan et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus caseolyticus (ex Evans 1916) Schleifer et al. 1982	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Staphylococcus chromogenes (Devriese et al. 1978) Hájek et al. 1987	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus coagulans (Igimi et al. 1990) Madhaiyan et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus cohnii Schleifer and Kloos 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus condimenti Probst et al. 1998	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus cornubiensis Murray et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus croceilyticus (Pantůček et al. 2013) Madhaiyan et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus debuckii Naushad et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus delphini Varaldo et al. 1988	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus devriesei Supré et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus durrellii Fountain et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus edaphicus Pantůček et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus epidermidis (Winslow and Winslow 1908) Evans 1916 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus equorum Schleifer et al. 1985	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus faecalis" Aguwa and Lawal 1988	not validly published	preferred name
    Staphylococcus felis Igimi et al. 1989	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus fleurettii Vernozy-Rozand et al. 2000	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus gallinarum Devriese et al. 1983	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus haemolyticus Schleifer and Kloos 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus halotolerans" Baek et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    Staphylococcus hominis Kloos and Schleifer 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus hsinchuensis Wang et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus hyicus (Sompolinsky 1953) Devriese et al. 1978 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus intermedius Hájek 1976 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus jettensis De Bel et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Staphylococcus jongii" Hauduroy et al. 1953	not validly published	preferred name
    Staphylococcus kloosii Schleifer et al. 1985	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus leei" Jin et al. 2004	not validly published	preferred name
    Staphylococcus lentus (Kloos et al. 1976) Schleifer et al. 1983	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus lloydii Fountain et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus luceti" Hauduroy et al. 1953	not validly published	preferred name
    Staphylococcus lugdunensis Freney et al. 1988	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus lutrae Foster et al. 1997	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus marylandisciuri Volokhov et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus massiliensis Al Masalma et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus microti Nováková et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus muscae Hájek et al. 1992	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus nepalensis Spergser et al. 2003	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus parequorum" Baek et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    "Staphylococcus parvulus" Veillon and Zuber 1898	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Staphylococcus pasteuri Chesneau et al. 1993	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus petrasii Pantůček et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus pettenkoferi" Trülzsch et al. 2002	not validly published	synonym
    Staphylococcus pettenkoferi Trülzsch et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus piscifermentans Tanasupawat et al. 1992	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus pneumoniae" (Klein 1884) Cole and Pung 1977	not validly published	synonym
    Staphylococcus pragensis (Švec et al. 2015) Madhaiyan et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Devriese et al. 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus pseudolugdunensis" Tang et al. 2008	not validly published	preferred name
    Staphylococcus pseudoxylosus MacFadyen et al. 2019	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus pulvereri Zakrzewska-Czerwińska et al. 1995	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Staphylococcus ratti Kovařovic et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus rhodochrous" Zopf 1891	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Staphylococcus rostri Riesen and Perreten 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus roterodami Schutte et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Staphylococcus saccharolyticus (Foubert and Douglas 1948) Kilpper-Bälz and Schleifer 1984	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Fairbrother 1940) Shaw et al. 1951 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Staphylococcus saprophyticus" Fairbrother 1940	not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists	synonym
    Staphylococcus schleiferi Freney et al. 1988	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus schweitzeri Tong et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus sciuri Kloos et al. 1976 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus shinii Cho et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus simiae Pantůček et al. 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus simulans Kloos and Schleifer 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus singaporensis Chew et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    "Staphylococcus staphylolyticus" Iversen and Grov 1973	not validly published	preferred name
    Staphylococcus stepanovicii Hauschild et al. 2012	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus succinus Lambert et al. 1998	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus taiwanensis Lin et al. 2022	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus ureilyticus corrig. (Kloos and Wolfshohl 1991) Madhaiyan et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP, illegitimate name	in need of a replacement
    Staphylococcus ursi Perreten et al. 2020	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus vitulinus corrig. Webster et al. 1994	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus vitulus Webster et al. 1994	inaccurate spelling	misspelling
    Staphylococcus warneri Kloos and Schleifer 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Staphylococcus xylosus Schleifer and Kloos 1975 (Approved Lists 1980)	validly published under the ICNP	correct name

Parent taxon: Staphylococcaceae Schleifer and Bell 2010

Assigned by: Schleifer K-H, Bell JA. Family VIII. Staphylococcaceae fam. nov. In: De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, K.-H. S, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 3 (The Firmicutes), Springer, New York, 2009, p. 392.

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Record number: 516664