Phylum "Proteobacteria"

Name: "Proteobacteria" Gray and Herwig 1996

Category: Phylum

Proposed as: phyl. nov.

Etymology: Pro.te.o.bac.te’ri.a. Gr. masc. n. Prôteus, Greek god of the sea, capable of assuming many different shapes; N.L. neut. pl. n. bacteria, plural of bacterium; N.L. neut. pl. n. Proteobacteria, protean group of bacteria of diverse properties despite a common ancestry (not formed from a genus name)

Pronunciation (Latin), gender: pro-te-o-bak-TE-ri-a, neuter

Original publication: Gray JP, Herwig RP. Phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial communities in marine sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:4049-4059. 🇺🇸

Nomenclatural status: not validly published

Taxonomic status: synonym (and no standing)

Correct name: Pseudomonadota Garrity et al. 2021

Synonyms:

Name	Kind
Myxococcota Waite et al. 2021	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
"Rhodobacteriota" Wang et al. 2026	heterotypic synonym, inaccurate spelling
"Rhodobacterota" corrig. Wang et al. 2026	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
Campylobacterota Waite et al. 2021	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
Bdellovibrionota Waite et al. 2021	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
"Alphaproteobacteriota" Whitman et al. 2018	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
"Proteobacteria" Garrity et al. 2005	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
"Alphaproteobacteraeota" Oren et al. 2015	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
"Bdellovibrionota" Waite et al. 2020	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
Pseudomonadota Garrity et al. 2021	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
"Myxococcota" Waite et al. 2020	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
"Campylobacterota" Waite et al. 2018	heterotypic synonym, not validly published
"Epsilonbacteraeota" Waite et al. 2017	heterotypic synonym, not validly published

Notes:
- 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (1998) assigned this phylum to the superphylum "Pimelobacteria" (Cavalier-Smith 1992) Cavalier-Smith 1998. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1998; 73:203-266. 🇬🇧
- 🧕 Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned this phylum to the superphylum "Exoflagellata". Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
- 🧒 Cavalier-Smith (1998) assigned the subphylum "Rhodobacteria" (Cavalier-Smith 1987) Cavalier-Smith 1998 to this phylum. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1998; 73:203-266. 🇬🇧
- 🧒 Cavalier-Smith (1998) assigned the subphylum "Thiobacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1998 to this phylum. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1998; 73:203-266. 🇬🇧
- 🧒 Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned the subphylum "Rhodobacteria" (Cavalier-Smith 1987) Cavalier-Smith 1998 to this phylum. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
- 🧒 Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned the subphylum "Thiobacteria" Cavalier-Smith 1998 to this phylum. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
- 🧒 Cavalier-Smith (2002) assigned the subphylum "Geobacteria" to this phylum. Publication: Cavalier-Smith T. The neomuran origin of archaebacteria, the negibacterial root of the universal tree and bacterial megaclassification. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:7-76. 🇬🇧
- 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Amoebacteria"; "Boteobacteria"; "Jroleobacteria"; "Jroteobacteria"; "Pateobacteria"; "Pmteobacteria"; "Poteobacteria"; "Preoteobacteria"; "Preotobacteria"; "Proeteobacteria"; "Proetobacteria"; "Profeobacferia"; "Profeobacteria"; "Proleobacteria"; "Proreobacteria"; "Protebacteria"; "Protecbacteria"; "Protecobacteria"; "Proteinbacteria"; "Protenbacteria"; "Proteoabcteria"; "Proteobacleiia"; "Proteobacleria"; "Proteobacreria"; "Proteobacte"; "Proteobacteiia"; "Proteobactena"; "Proteobacteriae"; "Proteobacteriota"; "Proteobacterota"; "Proteobactma"; "Proteobuctena"; "Proteoobacteria"; "Proteoteobacteria"; "Proterobacteria"; "Protevbacteria"; "Prothbacteria"; "Protobacteria"; "Protrobacteria"; "Prottabacteria"; "Prottobacteria"; "Prouabacteria"; "Prouobacteria"; "Pvoteobacteria"; "Teobacteria". — 🤨 This taxon name is occasionally used in singular form as: "Proteobacter"; "Proteobacterium".
- 😡 This taxon name is a homonym of "Proteobacteria" Garrity et al. 2005.
- 😟 A nomenclatural type has not been designated.
- 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Mousavi SA, Young JPW. International committee on systematics of prokaryotes subcommittee on the taxonomy of rhizobia and agrobacteria: Minutes of the 2025 closed annual meeting. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2026; 76:7149. 🇫🇮
- 🤦 This taxon lacks a discernible description (protologue).
- 🧍 The formation of this name was discussed in Judicial Opinion 129. Publication: Arahal et al. Judicial Opinion No. 129. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74:6064.

Parent taxon: Pseudomonadati (Gibbons and Murray 1978) Oren and Göker 2024

Assigned by: LPSN automated production system. The following publication is only one of the sources consulted. It may or may not mention this taxon name. — Goker M, Oren A. Valid publication of names of two domains and seven kingdoms of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74:6242. 🇩🇪

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Record number: 16347

This LPSN page was printed on 2026-09-12 10:49:01

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Phylum "Proteobacteria"