Name: Virgibacillus Heyndrickx et al. 1998

Category: Genus

Proposed as: gen. nov.

Etymology: Vir.gi.ba.cil’lus. L. fem. n. virga, a green twig, transf., a branch in a family tree; L. masc. n. bacillus, from Bacillus, a genus of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria; N.L. masc. n. Virgibacillus, a branch of the genus Bacillus

Gender: masculine (stem: Virgibacill-)

Type species: Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998

Conduct genome-based taxonomy of genus at TYGS

16S rRNA gene: Analyse FASTA

Valid publication: Heyndrickx M, Lebbe L, Kersters K, De Vos P, Forsyth G, Logan NA. Virgibacillus: a new genus to accommodate Bacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950). Emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1998; 48:99-106.

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 48, part 1 of the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1998; 48:629.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Salibacillus Wainø et al. 1999	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Paracerasibacillus Miliotis et al. 2024	heterotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP

• Emendations:
  • Wainø et al. 1999 Waino M, Tindall BJ, Schumann P, Ingvorsen K. Gracilibacillus gen. nov., with description of Gracilibacillus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov.; transfer of Bacillus dipsosauri to Gracilibacillus dipsosauri comb. nov., and Bacillus salexigens to the genus Salibacillus gen. nov., as Salibacillus salexigens comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49:821-831.
    Notes:
    • 🧍 This emendation was not found in the expected IJSEM notification list.
  • Heyrman et al. 2003 Heyrman J, Logan NA, Busse HJ, Balcaen A, Lebbe L, Rodriguez-Diaz M, Swings J, De Vos P. Virgibacillus carmonensis sp. nov., Virgibacillus necropolis sp. nov. and Virgibacillus picturae sp. nov., three novel species isolated from deteriorated mural paintings, transfer of the species of the genus salibacillus to Virgibacillus, as Virgibacillus marismortui comb. nov. and Virgibacillus salexigens comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Virgibacillus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:501-511. Euzeby JP. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 53, part 2 of the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:939-940.
    Notes:
    • 📧 The e-mail address of the corresponding author given in the associated publication is not functional any more.
    • ⊕ Emendation accompanied by the proposal of 5 new species in the genus.

• Notes:
  • 🧕 Chuvochina et al. (2023) assigned this genus to the family Amphibacillaceae Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0.
  • 🧕 Li et al. (2024) assigned this genus to the family Amphibacillaceae Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Li Y, Zhang D, Bo D, Peng D, Sun M, Zheng J. A taxonomic note on the order Caryophanales: description of 12 novel families and emended description of 21 families. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74:6539.
  • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus Bacillus Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Proom H, Knight BC. Bacillus pantothenticus (n.sp.). J Gen Microbiol 1950; 4:539-541.
  • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Gibacillus"; "Vigibacillus"; "Virigibacillius".
  • 📧 The e-mail address of the corresponding author given in the effective publication is not functional any more.
  • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Logan NA, Berkeley RC. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of genus Bacillus and related organisms. Minutes of the meeting, 18 August 1999, Sydney, Australia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:1409.
  • 💁 Taxonomists who have recently focused on this group are the corresponding authors of Arahal et al. (2000), Jeon et al. (2009), Daroonpunt et al. (2016), Tak et al. (2018), Yoon et al. (2010). Editors in search of reviewers are advised to consider additional criteria such as whether a taxon is covered by one of the ICSP subcommittees.
  • 🧬 The phylogenomic assignment score of this taxon is -0.02730 (N = 6).
  • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 34; JCM: 17; LMG: 13; KCTC: 12; CSUR: 8; CGMCC: 7; CCUG: 7; KACC: 4; ATCC: 4; NBRC: 4.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 35
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 39
Total number of child taxa: 50

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    "Virgibacillus ainsalahensis" Amziane et al. 2017	not validly published	preferred name
    Virgibacillus albus Zhang et al. 2013	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Virgibacillus alimentarius Kim et al. 2011	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus arcticus Niederberger et al. 2009	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus byunsanensis Yoon et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus campisalis Lee et al. 2012	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Virgibacillus carmonensis Heyrman et al. 2003	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus chiguensis Wang et al. 2008	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Virgibacillus dakarensis" Senghor et al. 2017	not validly published	preferred name
    Virgibacillus dokdonensis Yoon et al. 2005	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Virgibacillus doumboii" Konate et al. 2021	not validly published	preferred name
    Virgibacillus flavescens Zhang et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus halodenitrificans (Denariaz et al. 1989) Yoon et al. 2004	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus halophilus An et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus halotolerans Seiler and Wenning 2013	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Virgibacillus ihumii" Camara et al. 2020	not validly published	preferred name
    Virgibacillus indicus Xu et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus jeotgali Sundararaman et al. 2017	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus kapii Daroonpunt et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus kekensis Chen et al. 2008	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus kimchii Oh et al. 2021	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus koreensis Lee et al. 2006	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Virgibacillus litoralis Chen et al. 2012	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus marismortui (Arahal et al. 1999) Heyrman et al. 2003	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Virgibacillus marseillensis" Senghor et al. 2017	not validly published	preferred name
    Virgibacillus massiliensis Khelaifia et al. 2023	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus natechei Amziane et al. 2016	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Virgibacillus ndiopensis" Francis et al. 2019	not validly published	preferred name
    "Virgibacillus ndiopensis" Senghor et al. 2017	not validly published	synonym
    Virgibacillus necropolis Heyrman et al. 2003	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus oceani Yin et al. 2015	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus olivae Quesada et al. 2007	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus phasianinus Tak et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus picturae Heyrman et al. 2003	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Virgibacillus profundi Xu et al. 2018	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus proomii Heyndrickx et al. 1999	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus salarius Hua et al. 2008	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus salexigens (Garabito et al. 1997) Heyrman et al. 2003	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Virgibacillus salidurans" Oh et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    Virgibacillus salinus Carrasco et al. 2009	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Virgibacillus saliphilus" Oh et al. 2025	not validly published	preferred name
    Virgibacillus sediminis Chen et al. 2009	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Virgibacillus senegalensis" Seck et al. 2015	not validly published	preferred name
    Virgibacillus siamensis Tanasupawat et al. 2011	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus soli Kämpfer et al. 2011	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus subterraneus Wang et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus tibetensis Li et al. 2024	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    Virgibacillus xinjiangensis Jeon et al. 2010	validly published under the ICNP	correct name
    "Virgibacillus zhanjiangensis" Peng et al. 2009	not validly published	preferred name

Parent taxon: Bacillaceae Fischer 1895 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Sundararaman A, Srinivasan S, Lee JH, Lee SS. Virgibacillus jeotgali sp. nov., isolated from Myeolchi-jeotgal, a traditional Korean high-salt-fermented anchovy. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:158-163.

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Record number: 517158