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Genus Paenibacillus

Name: Paenibacillus Ash et al. 1994

Category, proposed as: genus, gen. nov.

Etymology: Pae.ni.ba.cil’lus. L. adv. paene, almost; L. masc. n. bacillus, a rod and also a bacterial genus name (Bacillus); N.L. masc. n. Paenibacillus, almost a Bacillus

Gender, pronunciation (Latin): masculine (stem: Paenibacill-), pa͡e-ni-ba-KIL-lus

Type species: Paenibacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski 1880) Ash et al. 1994

16S rRNA gene: Analysetree FASTA download

Effective publication: Ash C, Priest FG, Collins MD. Molecular identification of rRNA group 3 bacilli (Ash, Farrow, Wallbanks and Collins) using a PCR probe test. Proposal for the creation of a new genus Paenibacillus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1993; 64:253-260. 🇬🇧

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Validation list no. 51. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1994; 44:852.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: correct name

Risk group: 2

  • Emendations:
    • Shida et al. 1997 Shida O, Takagi H, Kadowaki K, Nakamura LK, Komagata K. Transfer of Bacillus alginolyticus, Bacillus chondroitinus, Bacillus curdlanolyticus, Bacillus glucanolyticus, Bacillus kobensis, and Bacillus thiaminolyticus to the genus Paenibacillus and emended description of the genus Paenibacillus. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47:289-298. 🇯🇵 Anonymous. Notification list. Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 47, part 2 of the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47:917-919.
      Notes:
      • ⊕ Emendation accompanied by the proposal of 6 new species in the genus.
    • Behrendt et al. 2010 Behrendt U, Schumann P, Stieglmeier M, Pukall R, Augustin J, Sproer C, Schwendner P, Moissl-Eichinger C, Ulrich A. Characterization of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria with respiratory ammonification and denitrification activity--description of Paenibacillus uliginis sp. nov., an inhabitant of fen peat soil and Paenibacillus purispatii sp. nov., isolated from a spacecraft assembly clean room. Syst Appl Microbiol 2010; 33:328-336. 🇩🇪 Euzeby JP. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 13. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61:6-7.
      Notes:
      • ⊕ Emendation accompanied by the proposal of 2 new species in the genus.
      • 🧍 In the paper by Behrendt et al. 2010, the genus name Paenibacillus is cited as Paenibacillus Ash, Priest, and Collins 1993, in place of Paenibacillus Ash, Priest, and Collins 1994.
    • Huang et al. 2017 Huang Z, Zhao F, Li YH. Isolation of Paenibacillus tumbae sp. nov., from the tomb of the emperor Yang of the Sui dynasty, and emended description of the genus Paenibacillus. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:357-364. 🇨🇳 Oren A, Garrity GM. List of changes in taxonomic opinion no. 26. Notification of changes in taxonomic opinion previously published outside the IJSEM. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:2081-2086.
      Notes:
      • ⊕ Emendation accompanied by the proposal of 1 new species in the genus.
  • Notes:
    • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the family Paenibacillaceae De Vos et al. 2010. Publication: De Vos P, Ludwig W, Schleifer K-H, Whitman WB. Family IV. Paenibacillaceae fam. nov. In: De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, K.-H. S, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 3 (The Firmicutes), Springer, New York, 2009, p. 269. 🇧🇪
    • 🥇 Nomenclatural type of the order Paenibacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0. 🇦🇺
    • 🧕 Chuvochina et al. (2023) assigned this genus to the order Paenibacillales Chuvochina et al. 2024. Publication: Chuvochina M, Mussig AJ, Chaumeil PA, Skarshewski A, Rinke C, Parks DH, Hugenholtz P. Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 0:0. 🇦🇺
    • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus "Aerobacillus" Donker 1926. Publication: Donker HJL. Bijdrage tot de kennis der boterzuur-butylalcohlen acetongistingen. W. D. Meinema, Delft, 1926.
    • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus Bacillus Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Macé E. Traité Pratique de Bactériologie, 1st ed. J.B. Ballière & Sons, Paris, 1889.
    • 🚋 The type species of this genus has alternatively been placed in the genus Clostridium Prazmowski 1880 (Approved Lists 1980). Publication: Prazmowski A. Untersuchung über die Entwickelungsgeschichte und Fermentwirkung einiger Bacterien-Arten. Inaugural Dissertation. Hugo Voigt, Leipzig, 1880.
    • 🙄 This taxon name is occasionally misprinted (or affected by an OCR error) in some sources as: "Nibacillus"; "Paeinbacillus"; "Paenbacillus"; "Paenebacillus"; "Paeniacillus"; "Paenibaccillus"; "Paenibacihs"; "Paenibacilfus"; "Paenibacilhis"; "Paenibacililus"; "Paenibacilius"; "Paenibacillius"; "Paenibacilllus"; "Paenibacilluszei"; "Paenibacilus"; "Paenibacitlus"; "Paenibacitus"; "Paenibacius"; "Paenibacullus"; "Paenibaillus"; "Paenibascillus"; "Paenibcillus"; "Paeniblacillus"; "Paenibucillus"; "Paenihacillus"; "Paenlbacillus"; "Paenzbaczllus"; "Paenzracillus"; "Paeribacillus"; "Pamibacillus"; "Paneibacillus"; "Panibacillus"; "Peanibacillus"; "Penibaacillus"; "Penibacillus"; "Pnenibacillus"; "Poenibacillus".
    • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Logan NA. International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of the genus Bacillus and related organisms. Minutes of the meeting, 30 July 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2005; 55:977-979. 🇬🇧
    • 🧔 This taxon was discussed in a meeting of a Taxonomic Subcommittee of the ICSP. Publication: Logan NA, Berkeley RC. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of genus Bacillus and related organisms. Minutes of the meeting, 18 August 1999, Sydney, Australia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:1409. 🇬🇧
    • 🎰 The BRCs most frequently used for deposits in this group are: DSM: 205; KCTC: 151; JCM: 117; LMG: 94; CGMCC: 62; NBRC: 46; CIP: 45; KACC: 40; NRRL: 36; ATCC: 30.
    • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 2, note = "Animal classification RG: 2 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 2". — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
    • 🧍 See also Ashraf et al. (2018). Publication: Ashraf S, Soudi MR, Amoozegar MA, Moshtaghi Nikou M, Sproer C. Paenibacillus xanthanilyticus sp. nov., a xanthan-degrading bacterium isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:76-80. 🇮🇷
    • 🧍 In 1993 Ash et al. proposed that members of "group 3" within the genus Bacillus should be transferred to the genus Paenibacillus, for which they proposed Paenibacillus polymyxa as the type species. These proposals were validly published by publication in the Validation Lists No. 51 (Paenibacillus polymyxa) and No. 52 (further species) in 1994 and 1995 respectively. Collins et al. (1994), clearly referring to Ash et al. (1993), also proposed that Clostridium durum should be transferred to Paenibacillus as Paenibacillus durum (sic). According to the principle of priority based on page numbers in the same issue of the IJSEM [see, Rule 24b (2)] unintended confusion arose about the type species of the genus Paenibacillus, because Paenibacillus durus corrig. (Collins et al. 1994) appeared on page 824, whereas the Validation List No. 51, validly publishing the name Paenibacillus polymyxa appeared on page 852 of the same issue. This was certainly not intended by Collins and coworkers, as Collins himself was a coauthor of Ash et al. (1993). To clarify the situation, Tindall (2000) published a Request for an Opinion in which he carefully explained the pros and cons of both possibilities [1]. Publication: Tindall BJ. What is the type species of the genus Paenibacillus? Request for an opinion. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50:939-940. 🇩🇪
    • 🧍 In 2002, the Judicial Commission considered that the confusion arose unintentionally and decided that Paenibacillus polymyxa is the type species of the genus Paenibacillus [2]. Publication: Judicial Commission. Judicial Opinion No. 77. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:513.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 358
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 366
Total number of child taxa: 443

Parent taxon: Paenibacillaceae De Vos et al. 2010

Assigned by: De Vos P, Ludwig W, Schleifer K-H, Whitman WB. Family IV. Paenibacillaceae fam. nov. In: De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, K.-H. S, Whitman WB (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 3 (The Firmicutes), Springer, New York, 2009, p. 269. 🇧🇪

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Record number: 516243