Name: Acetobacter xylinus corrig. (Brown 1886) Yamada 1984

Category: Species

Proposed as: comb. nov.

Basonym: "Bacterium xylinum" Brown 1886

Etymology: xy’li.nus. Gr. neut. n. xylon, wood cut and ready for use, firewood, timber; L. adj. suff. -inus -a -um, suffix used with the sense of belonging to; L. masc. adj. xylinus, belonging to wood, woody

Pronunciation (Latin), gender: a-ke-to-BAK-ter XY-li-nus, masculine

Type strain: ATCC 23767; BCRC 12952; CCM 3611; CCRC 12952; CCUG 37299; CIP 103107; CIP 57.14; DSM 6513; IFO 15237; JCM 7644; LMG 1515; NBRC 15237; NCIB 11301; NCIB 11664; NCIB 4112; NCIMB 11301; NCIMB 11664; NCIMB 4112; NCTC 41124

See detailed strain information at

Conduct genome-based taxonomy at

16S rRNA gene: X75619 Analyse FASTA

Effective publication: Yamada Y. Acetobacter xylinus sp. nov., nom. rev., for the cellulose-forming and cellulose-less, acetate-oxidizing acetic acid bacteria with the Q-10 system. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 1983; 29:417-420. 🇯🇵

IJSEM list: Anonymous. Validation list no. 14. Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSB. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1984; 34:270-271.

Nomenclatural status: validly published under the ICNP

Taxonomic status: synonym (and not recommended for medical use)

Correct name: Komagataeibacter xylinus (Brown 1886) Yamada et al. 2013

Risk group: 1

• Synonyms:

  • Name	Kind
    Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinum (Brown 1886) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	homotypic synonym, inaccurate spelling, distinct rank
    "Bacterium xylinum" Brown 1886	homotypic synonym, not validly published, basonym of name in Approved Lists
    Acetobacter aceti subsp. xylinus corrig. (Brown 1886) De Ley and Frateur 1974 (Approved Lists 1980)	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP, distinct rank
    Acetobacter xylinum (Brown 1886) Yamada 1984	other spelling of name, inaccurate spelling
    "Komagatabacter xylinus" (Brown 1886) Yamada et al. 2012	homotypic synonym, not validly published
    Komagataeibacter xylinus (Brown 1886) Yamada et al. 2013	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Gluconacetobacter xylinus corrig. (Brown 1886) Yamada et al. 1998	homotypic synonym, validly published under the ICNP
    Gluconoacetobacter xylinus (Brown 1886) Yamada et al. 1998	homotypic synonym, inaccurate spelling

• Notes:
  • ❗ Acetobacter xylinus is the correct name instead if this species is regarded as a separate species (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another species whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate genus Acetobacter.
  • 😷 The risk group for Canada has been imported on 2024-02-27. The full classification is: risk group = 1, note = "sucrofermentans: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; default: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1; xylinus: 1 Animal classification RG: 1 - Security sensitive biological agent: No - Terrestrial animal pathogen under Canadian Food Inspection Agency authority: No - Containment level: Containment Level 1". — The risk group for Swiss Confederation has been imported on 2024-02-01. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — The risk group for Germany has been imported on 2023-10-29. The full classification is: risk group = 1. — If in doubt, use the risk group given in the regulations for your country and, if these are not available, use the risk group given in the catalogue of the culture collection from which you have obtained or intend to obtain the strain.
  • 🎓 Name mentioned 16 times in PubMed until 2026-06-11.
  • 🙅 This name is on the List of Recommended Names for bacteria of medical importance (LoRN) as a synonym of the name to be applied to this species. The name is on LoRN because of the recorded pathogenicity of other species in the genus.
  • 🧍 Nom. corrig.: IJSB 47:585. Publication: Euzéby JP. Revised nomenclature of specific or subspecific epithets that do not agree in gender with generic names that end in -bacter. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1997; 47:585.
  • 🧍 On the Validation List no. 14, Acetobacter xylinus corrig. is erroneously proposed as a nomen revictum [basonym: "Acetobacter xylinum" (Brown 1886) Bergey et al. 1925]. Publication: Euzeby JP, Kudo T. Corrigenda to the validation lists. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:1933-1938. 🇫🇷
  • 🧍 Subsequently, this species has been divided into subspecies (see: below). However, according to Tanaka et al. 2000, Acetobacter xylinus corrig. (Brown 1886) Yamada 1984 is genetically homogeneous. Publication: Tanaka M, Murakami S, Shinke R, Aoki K. Genetic characteristics of cellulose-forming acetic acid bacteria identified phenotypically as Gluconacetobacter xylinus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000; 64:757-760.
  • 🧍 The original spelling of the specific epithet, xylinum (sic), has been corrected by Euzéby 1997. Publication: Euzéby JP. Revised nomenclature of specific or subspecific epithets that do not agree in gender with generic names that end in -bacter. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 1997; 47:585.

Subdivision:

Number of child taxa with a validly published and correct name: 0
Number of child taxa with a validly published name, including synonyms: 2
Total number of child taxa: 2

• Child taxa:

  • Name	Nomenclatural status	Taxonomic status
    Acetobacter xylinus subsp. sucrofermentans corrig. Toyosaki et al. 1996	validly published under the ICNP	synonym
    Acetobacter xylinus subsp. xylinus corrig. (Brown 1886) Toyosaki et al. 1996	validly published under the ICNP	orphaned subspecies

Parent taxon: Acetobacter Beijerinck 1898 (Approved Lists 1980)

Assigned by: Yamada Y. Acetobacter xylinus sp. nov., nom. rev., for the cellulose-forming and cellulose-less, acetate-oxidizing acetic acid bacteria with the Q-10 system. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 1983; 29:417-420. 🇯🇵

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Record number: 772522